轻型汽油车实际行驶污染物排放的影响因素

为了研究车辆冷起动、行程动力学参数和不同数据处理方法对实际行驶排放(RDE)试验的影响,本文利用4辆轻型汽油车进行试验研究,通过CO2移动平均窗口法和欧6新方法进行排放计算。结果表明:冷起动对CO和NOx排放影响偏差均在10%以内,对于未装配汽油机颗粒捕集器(GPF)车辆的市区PN排放影响偏差最大可达32.25%,在国6车型标定时应重点关注。相对正向加速度(RPA)与PN排放成正相关,与CO、NOx排放相关性不明显;v*apos,95(速度与正向加速度乘积按升序排序的第95个百分位取值)与CO、PN排放成正相关,与NOx排放成负相关,与CO和PN的相关系数大于与NOx的相关系数。对于同一个有效行程的污染物排放计算结果,欧6新方法大于CO2移动平均窗口法,欧6新方法能更加真实地反映车辆在RDE试验中的污染物排放水平。     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.     

汽油车低温冷起动和常温冷起动排放特性的对比分析

针对国Ⅲ标准中新规定的-7°的低温冷起动测试,采用对比试验的方法比较了低温冷起动(Ⅵ型试验)和常温冷起动(Ⅰ型试验)整个排放过程中CO、HC和CO2的排放差异。对两种温度条件下的催化器入口温度进行了比较分析。通过对排放特性的比较,简述了汽油车低温冷起动排放控制方法。     

浅析射频识别技术在汽车上的应用

射频识别技术RFID最早可以追溯到上世纪五十年代,至今已有超过七十年的历史,RFID兼具高效、实时、简易等特点被广泛应用于交通运输、零售业、物流、门禁安保等各领域,回首看去射频识别技术依然如火如荼,很多领域应用有待继续深究与开发.本文主要从汽车防盗技术角度,分射频识别技术、无钥匙进入及启动系统、故障分析三个维度进行简要...     

怠速空气温控阀在摩托车上的应用

将怠速空气温控阀应用在骑式和弯梁摩托车上时,可大大提高摩托车的冷机起动、过渡和加速性能,摩托车发动机和化油器结构设计改动较小,成本增加也少,很值得在骑式和弯梁摩托车上推广使用。     

发动机台架模拟汽油车冷启动排放特性研究

在发动机模拟实验台架上研究了采用不同的催化转化器和不同布置方案的后处理系统对低温启动过程中排放特性的影响。研究结果表明：-7℃冷启动过程中,催化转化器前移、选用较高活性的催化转化器和加装前级催化转化器都会不同程度地降低冷启动排放。其中采用低起燃温度催化转化器近距离布置,可以使两循环内的THC（总HC排放物）排放量减少约38％;采用两级催化转化器,可使THC排放量减少约47％。     

节能型温拌沥青混合料在隧道路面施工中的应用

采用改性乳化沥青进行了温拌沥青混合料的配合比设计和施工工艺研究,并与热拌沥青混合料进行了路用性能对比研究。对温拌沥青混合料的隧道施工方法进行了总结,为温拌沥青混合料在国内公路,特别是长大公路隧道的推广应用提供了可借鉴的经验。     

湿热地区沥青混合料配合比设计研究

针对我国南方湿热多雨的气候条件,通过采用贝雷法对连续密级配沥青混合料进行矿料级配设计和检验,提出了与之相应的贝雷法检验指标适用范围。研究表明,采用贝雷法对连续密级配沥青混合料进行设计,可使矿料级配达到骨架密实结构的效果,具有良好的抗永久变形能力和抗水损害能力,并较好地改善了沥青路面施工中的级配离析问题和压实度不足问题,满足了湿热地区对沥青路面的性能要求。     

船舶调距桨主推进系统轴系动态校中计算模型研究

传统的船舶轴系校中计算的主要目的是在轴系静态的情况下验证和确定轴系设计状况,用来指导轴系的安装和检验.本文拟在静态校中基础上结合调距桨系统的特征,考虑调距桨主推进系统由于船体在各种装载情况下的变形、轴承支承刚度、油膜刚度、螺旋桨水动力、齿轮箱齿轮啮合力等动态因素下对轴系合理校中的影响,以满足日益复杂的现代大型船舶轴系校中计算需要.     

斗式提升机带载启动困难原因分析及解决措施

斗式提升机普遍存在带载启动困难的问题,极需解决。分析斗式提升机带载启动困难的原因,提出通过局部改进以解决带载启动难的问题。改革取得良好效果。