Micro-shimmy of towed structures in experimentally uncharted unstable parameter domain

In this paper, the lateral instability of towed structures (trailers, caravans and articulated buses) is investigated with special attention to the small amplitude lateral vibration that leads to a higher energy consumption in certain parameter domains. A low degree-of-freedom mechanical model of a shimmying towed tyre is used that describes the dynamics of the tyre–ground contact patch by the time delayed differential equation. Stability charts are calculated and the theoretically predicted linear unstable islands of small amplitude shimmy motions are validated by laboratory experiments. A tyre is towed by a relatively long caster, and its temperature and the input current of the conveyor belt are measured in order to show the increased value of the rolling resistance.     

内河码头叠合面板的试验研究

通过两组四边固结叠合板试件的试验研究,验证了分块预制板和整块预制板制成的叠合板具有双向受力效应;分析论证了按二阶段受力特性计算叠合板刚度是可行的;同时给出了两组试件不同叠合面处理方式的试验对比分析结果。     

车辆荷载作用下大跨桥梁的随机振动

基于随机轨道粗糙度和车桥偶合单元，提出了大跨桥梁移动车辆荷载作用下随机振动的计算模式。采用功率谱密度函数生成随机的轨道粗糙度，车辆模拟为4轴模型，桥梁模拟为梁单元，考虑桥梁的几何非线性，对一座实际大跨斜拉桥的冲击效应进行了研究，并分析了随机样本数目、阻尼及车辆速度的影响。     

建筑群下软~流塑地层隧道施工地表沉降控制分析

从南京地铁珠—鼓区间软~流塑地层隧道具体工程出发,根据既有地面建筑物基础允许变形的规范要求,建立了施工地表沉降控制基准,同时对隧道施工进行了动态模拟计算和分析,并通过施工现场监测结果,对所获得的成果进行了验证。     

对公路施工企业经营规模合理性的探讨(Ⅲ)——路面工程合理施工规模的确定

首先提出了路面工程合理施工规模研究的目标 .重点研究了施工生产规模 ,找出了与施工生产规模相关的主要成本项目———拌和站设置费和拌和料运输费 ,并进行了综合费用分析 .通过对大量现实工程的分析 ,提出了在承包段长度一定的情况下 ,确定承包企业最佳的施工生产规模的理论和方法 ,并以经济生产能力和经济施工半径为指标 ,刻画了路面工程的合理施工生产规模     

基于PFC方法的粗粒土三轴试验尺寸效应研究

粗粒土是工程建设过程中经常遇到的一类土,由于室内仪器限制,通常将其按一定条件缩尺后进行室内大三轴试验,进而推算原级配土的强度特性。缩尺后替代级配与原级配存在着缩尺条件、尺寸效应等问题。在某高速公路大三轴试验数据基础上,运用 PFC2D 软件,将600＆#215;300 mm 样本经等质量替代法缩尺,比较了缩尺后不同尺寸样本的应力-应变曲线。结果表明：PFC2D可以很好的模拟三轴试验;缩尺后的样本应变模量降低,且随着样本尺寸的增大而增大,样本的抗剪强度也存在差异;等质量替代法对缩尺后样本的尺寸大小有限制;当样本颗粒级配相同时,不同尺寸样本在峰前阶段的尺寸效应不明显。     

Effects of a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle on urban soundscapes perception

Several industry leaders and governmental agencies are currently investigating the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or ‘drones’ as commonly known, for an ever-growing number of applications from blue light services to parcel delivery. For the specific case of the delivery sector, drones can alleviate road space usage and also lead to reductions in CO₂ and air pollution emissions, compared to traditional diesel-powered vehicles. However, due to their unconventional acoustic characteristics and operational manoeuvres, it is uncertain how communities will respond to drone operations. Noise has been suggested as a major barrier to public acceptance of drone operations in urban areas. In this paper, a series of audio-visual scenarios were created to investigate the effects of drone noise on the reported loudness, annoyance and pleasantness of seven different types of urban soundscapes. In soundscapes highly impacted by road traffic noise, the presence of drone noise lead to small changes in the perceived loudness, annoyance and pleasantness. In soundscapes with reduced road traffic noise, the participants reported a significantly higher perceived loudness and annoyance and a lower pleasantness with the presence of the same drone noise. For instance, the reported annoyance increased from 2.3 ± 0.8 (without drone noise) to 6.8 ± 0.3 (with drone noise), in an 11-point scale (0-not at all, 10-extremely). Based on these results, the concentration of drone operations along flight paths through busy roads might aid in the mitigation of the overall community noise impact caused by drones.     

大型货运车辆生态驾驶及节油潜力评估

改善驾驶行为、推广生态驾驶是未来降低机动车辆燃油消耗和污染排放的重要潜在方式.分析由车辆远程在线监控技术(OBD)获取的199辆大型货车在观测的4 d内的位置、速度、油耗等微观运行状态的逐秒数据，提出判定急加速、过急加速、急减速、过急减速和超长怠速等5种不良驾驶行为的统计方法，并建立面板数据固定效应回归模型分析5种不良驾驶行为对大型货车油耗的影响，进而定量评估改善不良驾驶行为的节油潜力.研究结果表明，超长怠速和过急减速行为会显著增加大型货车的油耗，减少超长怠速时间和过急减速行为的节油潜力分别可达2.6%和3.8%.     

Achieving political acceptability for new transport infrastructure in congested urban regions

This paper analyzes the efficiency and political acceptability of road pricing and infrastructure policies targeted at relieving urban congestion. It combines a stylized transport model of an urban road network with a model of the political process that incorporates interactions between voters, citizen interest groups and politicians to explore the possibilities to reach political acceptability for efficient transport policies. In a numerical illustration, the paper compares a set of pricing and investment policies in terms of efficiency and acceptability. The illustration shows how conflicting interests can lead to non-efficient policies being chosen.     

Ship motion-sloshing interaction using a field method

Even in relatively calm waters, low amplitude wave-induced motions of an LNG carrier may induce large amplitude liquid sloshing inside the ship's partially filled tanks, and the interaction between ship motions and sloshing may affect the ship's seekeeping properties. A computational procedure, here referred to as the RANS-RANS method, was developed to account for this interaction, and this method was then employed to predict the free surface flow inside the tanks and the corresponding motions of the ship in regular head and beam waves. This method coupled a compressible VoF technique with a generic wave generation and absorption scheme to obtain wave-induced ship motions with and without considering the effects of sloshing in the ship's tanks. Systematic grid studies were performed to obtain a sufficiently fine grid needed to yield converging predictions. The resulting wave patterns, ship motions, and internal sloshing elevations were compared with results obtained from a computational method, here referred to as the RANS-BEM method, that relied on a boundary element method to obtain ship motions. This RANS-RANS method was validated against model test measurements.