生态环保业的宏观经济效应实证分析

按照生态环保业的新内涵,运用量化的投入产出方法,形成中观行业到宏观经济效应的研究路径,基于最近几个年份的投入产出表,全面研究行业现状,系统研究行业在经济总量、就业、物价方面对宏观经济的效应,推导出拉动行业发展的需求因素,结合研究结果提出疏浚企业拓展生态环保业的建议。     

Evaluation of transit proximity effects on residential land prices: an empirical study in Austin,Texas

The Austin MetroRail line in Texas, U.S.A. began operations in 2010 and since then transit-oriented development projects have been fuelled around train stations. Traditional location theory holds that proximity to a transit station should be capitalized into land prices, and numerous empirical studies have demonstrated the effects with mixed results. However, to date no empirical study has investigated this relationship between the newly built rail line and land prices in Austin. This study fills the research gap and suggests a positive effect associated with transit proximity by employing spatial hedonic models. This study also contributes to the existing literature especially in the context of Texas cities where there is a lack of relevant research on transit-capitalization-related topics, and provides insights for decision-makers with different perspectives regarding further rail investment or transportation financing strategies such as value capture programs.     

Changes in size at maturity of European hake Atlantic populations in relation with stock structure and environmental regimes

European hake (Merluccius merluccius) female size at maturity is estimated on an annual basis for Bay of Biscay and Galician coast, which are parts of the distribution of the Northern and Southern stocks, respectively. Clear trends in this reproductive parameter are observed along the time series and the potential factors affecting these trends have been investigated. Total biomass, different indexes of SSB, age diversity index, fishing mortality at age, NAO winter index, upwelling index and temperature were included in multiple regressions models to assess the relative importance of each of them on shifts in size at maturity.Bay of Biscay and Galician coast hake have followed different evolution in patterns of changes in size at maturity. In Bay of Biscay, a steadily decline of 15 cm has been observed from 1987 to 2004, which is well predicted by fishing mortality and age diversity, but also the environment may have played an important role. However, on the Galician coast a drastic decline of 16 cm from 1980 to 1988 was followed by a rapid increase in size at maturity during the next 10 years to original values and a stable period in the last 6 years. Decreasing biomass may explain the decline in size at maturity in the first period. However, total biomass and spawning biomass declined even during the period when size at maturity increased, which is contrary to compensatory theory. Shifts in environmental regime, NAO and upwelling, may have contributed to a decelerated growth during this period that might explain the later maturation.     

Distributional effects of road pricing: Assessment of nine scenarios for Paris

The starting point of this paper is to consider that there is no general answer to the question of the equity of urban road pricing. We therefore simulate and compare the distributional effects on commuters of nine toll scenarios for Paris, assuming that utility is nonlinear in income. We show that the distributional pattern across income groups depends crucially on the level of traffic reduction induced by tolling. Stringent tolls are more favourable to low-income motorists. Equity effects also vary with toll design. Compared to a reference scenario which uniformly charges all motorists driving within Paris, an inbound cordon toll is detrimental to low-incomes. Conversely, granting a rebate to low CO₂ emission cars slightly improves their situation while an exemption for Paris residents is neutral. Surprisingly, it matters little for social equity whether toll revenues are allocated to all commuters or solely to public transport users.     

肌梭传入对脊髓背角会聚神经元伤害性诱发反应的影响

本文用细胞外微电极记录技术,以大鼠脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性诱发反应为痛反应的指标,观察了牵拉腓肠肌诱发的肌梭传入活动对脊髓背角WDR神经元伤害性反应的影响。结果如下:在观察到的80个WDR神经元中,有51个单位的晚串放电被牵拉诱发的肌梭传入活动所抑制,16个单位无反应,13个单位表现为兴奋。对有抑制作用的51个单位的进一步观察发现,瞬时牵拉的抑制作用强于持续牵拉,双侧牵拉的抑制作用强于单侧牵拉。提示肌梭作为肌肉丰厚处穴位的主要针感感受器,其传入活动具有镇痛作用。     

Empirical analysis of transportation investment and economic development at state, county and municipality levels

Numerous studies have found positive correlation between transportation infrastructure investment and economic development. Basically these studies use a conventional production function model augmented by a public capital input, mainly highways, rail and other transportation facilities. While the range of the measured economic growth effects varies widely among studies, the positive elasticity between transportation investment and economic development is now commonly accepted. Still a major puzzling issue is that the magnitude of the measured effect seems to decline significantly as the econometric model is further refined, mainly with regard to space and time lags. That is, the use of national or state data produces elasticity results, which are much larger than when using county or municipality data. Similarly, when we introduce into the econometric model a lag between the times when the transportation investments are made and when the economic benefits transpire, the measured elasticities decline with the size of the lag. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate these issues analytically and empirically and provide a plausible explanation. We do so by using alternative econometric models, applying them to a database, which is composed of longitudinal state, county and municipality observations from 1990 to 2000. The key result is that transportation investments produce strong spillover effects relative to space and time. Unless these factors are properly accounted for many reported empirical results are likely to be overly biased, with important policy implications.     

公路施工企业经营规模合理性的探讨(Ⅰ)

笔者以广东长大公路工程总公司三公司的施工实例为依据 ,论述了规模经济的涵义 ,分析了施工企业产生规模效益的原因 .并结合我国施工企业经营规模的现状 ,提出了实现规模效益的策略     

彩色陶瓷减速标线技术研究及应用

本文介绍了经课题组研发的彩色陶瓷减速标线的特点及应用范围。详细阐述了彩色陶瓷减速标线的视觉效果、陶瓷骨料性能、施工流程以及在湖南衡桂高速公路的应用情况。通过研究、分析和应用,一种既有震动减速又有视觉提醒作用的新型减速标线,具有技术先进性和独创性,有较大的推广应用前景。     

含磨粒油润滑工况下磨粒分载量计算

建立了等尺寸和不等尺寸、按数量浓度和重量浓度计算磨粒数量的模型和方法,推导了磨粒发生弹、塑性变形情况下磨粒分担载荷量的计算公式,并计算了磨粒分载量随磨粒浓度及尺寸的变化规律,为进一步研究多磨粒效应奠定了基础。