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51.
浅析建设项目全过程工程造价控制 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
工程造价的控制贯穿于项目周期全过程,与基本建设的每一个阶段都紧密相连。本文从建设项目全过程的角度分析了投资决策、设计、招投标、施工以及竣工各阶段造价控制的方法以及应注意的问题,并通过实际案例来说明科学的造价管理工作对降低建筑项目工程造价的重要作用。 相似文献
52.
In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed. 相似文献
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55.
浅谈客运专线高性能混凝土施工 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究目的:高性能混凝土在铁路客运专线施工中被广泛采用,克服高性能混凝土特点引起的性能缺陷,确保客运专线工程的100年使用寿命。
研究方法:结合武汉天兴洲长江大桥施工中混凝土工程的实际应用,进行高性能混凝土配合比的设计、试配及施工控制,配制出高强度、高耐久性、低徐变、体积稳定性好的高性能混凝土。
研究结果:高性能混凝土配合比设计中,应将胶凝材料用量控制在500kg/m^2以下。配合比中水胶比、砂率、外加剂等因素会对混凝土的强度、和易性、坍落度等不同方面造成影响。
研究结论:选择合理的施工配合比及施工控制措施,使混凝土达到最密实状态,不但有助于降低工程制造成本,提高混凝土强度,而且混凝土内部空隙少,能抵抗外来腐蚀介质的侵入,保护钢筋,大大提高混凝土耐久性,确保工程质量。 相似文献
56.
The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin. 相似文献
57.
Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were
The recommended process consists of five chronological phases, each composed of many tasks having related focuses within the overall process. Each task is designed to contribute to the common objective of seeing that an effective transportation management plan for mitigating travel impacts throughout the project corridor is successfully realized. This process was formulated on the basis of information collected on 25 highway reconstruction projects throughout the United States by way of site visits, direct meetings with project personnel, requests for documentation, and phone interviews. 相似文献
| to investigate and document the critical interrelationships among state-of-the-art reconstruction and scheduling techniques, traffic accommodation strategies, construction quality control measures, and project planning and evaluation processes, and |
| to formulate and recommend a corridor transportation management process that can be used to develop, implement and evaluate a transportation management plan of strategies to mitigate the corridor-wide impacts of major highway reconstruction. |
58.
在文献资料和现场调研的基础上,通过分析客站用水量影响因素,建立了单因素评价指标体系和评价方法;分析确定了各因素的权重,进行了无量纲化处理后,建立了多因素综合评价指标体系和评价方法,利用该方法对两个车站的节水效果进行了评价。 相似文献
59.
《铁道标准设计通讯》2013,(8)
盖挖逆作法基坑两侧的地下连续墙,作为施工期间基坑的围护结构,截水防渗并承受周围水土的侧压力,作为竖向支撑结构,承受着由各层逆作结构板传递的竖向载荷,在使用阶段可以作为工程永久抗浮结构。一级基坑内部的二级基坑地下连续墙,因为墙顶在负一层底板处,不能直接兼顾竖向支撑作用,结合工程实例,对该技术问题进行分析研究,提出采用临时格构柱等措施,永临结合,实现了二级基坑围护结构兼竖向支撑系统在盖挖逆作地下交通工程中的应用。 相似文献
60.
钢围堰作为桥梁水下施工的临时性挡水设施,为承台施工提供无水的干处施工环境,被广泛应用于水中桥梁下部结构施工中。通过抚河大桥施工实践,探讨深水中桥梁承台钢围堰施工技术,主要介绍了组合单壁钢围堰的设计、施工以及注意事项,可为类似的工程提供参考。 相似文献