云南省水路运输和水运人才发展的战略思考

概括云南省水路运输系统及水运人才的现状,从战略的高度对云南省水路运输和水运人才发展作出了具体规划并提出具体措施,指出发展的重点和难点.对提高云南省水运人才的培养和开发能力,改善云南省水运人力资源的总体结构和提升云南省水运人才的总体素质,加速云南地方经济的发展,实现云南省总体战略目标,都具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义.     

Possible remedies for intact stability hazards involving contemporary small inland passenger ferries in Bangladesh

On the basis of previous studies, a series of hazards involving the typical small inland passenger ferries operating in inland Bangladeshi waters have been identified. In particular, stormy weather conditions, overloading, and the risk of crowding to one side have been determined as the typical events that are likely to lead to capsizing in the intact condition. In this article, possible hazard mitigation measures are discussed, both from the regulatory and from the design point of view, for a small inland ferry that is very similar to one that actually capsized in the past. The addressed design options involve ballasting and hull modification by means of additional buoyancy above the waterline. From a regulatory point of view, it is proposed that the present weather criterion in force in Bangladesh be modified by increasing the wind speed to be accounted for and by considering the concurrent effects of wind, rolling, and the crowding of people to one side.     

对柴油机在使用过程中出现温度过高的分析

柴油机温度过高主要表现为水温、油温过高两大类。本文就这两类原因进行分析。     

铝型树脂混合床制取脱盐水的实验研究

研究了铝型阳离子交换树脂与强碱性阴树脂混合床制取脱盐水的工艺方法及其再生过程，通过树脂改性提高再生废液的持续利用价值。从而消除对受纳水体的污染，并且降低系统的投入产出比。     

惰性气体系统应用于控制船舶压载水传播外来生物

航行于洲际间的远洋船舶,其压载水系统成为有害水生物入侵的主要途径之一。溶解在水中的氧是水域生命活动不可缺少的物质,但不同水生物对溶解氧的需求不同。实践证明:当溶解氧小于1 mg/L时,在1 h内,水生物将窒息而亡。论述以燃气作为惰性气体,置换远洋船舶压载系统中的空气,使水中的溶解氧小于1 mg/L,让入侵水生物窒息的方法,以保护本地水域生态平衡。结合我国油轮上配置的惰性气体系统(Inert Gases System,简称IGS),提出了方案设想和计算要点,与同行共同探讨。     

Evaluation of consequence assessment methods for pool fires on water involving large spills from liquefied natural gas carriers

This article concerns thermal radiation hazards associated with unconfined liquefied natural gas (LNG) spills on water. Consequence assessment methods were compared to clarify their model characteristics in large-scale LNG spills from an LNG carrier (LNGC). The consequences of LNG release, pool spread, and pool fire hazards were estimated using the following practical methods: the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s (FERC) method, the Sandia National Laboratories’ method, and the Fay method. The sensitivity of consequence analysis results to the breach size of a tank was examined under the assumption that LNG is released from a common type LNGC of 125000 m³ cargo capacity. Consequently, it was found that the FERC method is useful from the practical viewpoint of being applicable to any breach size. Finally, thermal radiation hazards from pool fires involving spills from one of the latest and largest LNGCs (250 000 m³ cargo capacity), which are currently considered for construction, were investigated using the recommended FERC method, and the results are discussed in comparison with those for common type LNGCs. As a result, it was found that the maximum thermal hazard distance is longer by only about 24% compared with the common type LNGC, whereas the spill volume is twice as much.     

溶液聚合法制备高岭土复合高吸水性树脂的研究

以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制得高岭土复合聚丙烯酸钠一丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂．最佳工艺条件：高岭土10％、单体配比（AA：AM）55：45、交联剂0．1％、引发剂0．2％、中和度80％、反应温度70℃．在此条件下合成的树脂在室温下吸蒸馏水和0．9％（wt％）NaCl溶液分别为350g／g和63g／g．红外光谱初步表明聚丙烯酸与高岭土产生了交联．     

砂卵石潜水层回灌对临近同层降水工程影响研究

回灌工程与降水工程结合是兼顾工程安全建设和地下水资源保护的有效措施.中心城区受到回灌场地和输水管线布设的限制,回灌区与降水区相距较近,回灌影响范围和降水影响范围有重叠,此时回灌和降水难免产生相互影响.以北京某地铁工程区间风井砂卵石潜水层降水回灌工程为例,结合现场试验、理论推导及数值分析,得出临近同层回灌使降水工程的基坑...     

模糊数学模型在水资源价值评价中的应用

水资源价值系统是由自然、经济和社会互相作用形成的复合系统,具有模糊性和复杂性.通过对水资源价值构成的分析,依据模糊系统理论,建立水资源价值模糊数学模型,并运用该模型对兰州市水资源价值进行了综合评价,对合理制定水价具有一定的借鉴意义.     

给排水厂站薄壁混凝土结构质量通病及对策研究

近年来,上海市水务重大工程建设体量大、工期紧,部分厂站薄壁混凝土存在局部渗漏、蜂窝麻面、色差明显等质量问题。为更好地贯彻落实水务工程高质量发展要求,通过对在建典型给排水厂站工程进行深入调研,从人、机、料、法、环五要素对构筑物池体薄壁混凝土质量问题产生的原因进行深入剖析,总结薄壁混凝土结构常见的质量问题,提出现场质量技术措施和管理对策。