Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.     

近场动力学方法及其应用

近场动力学作为一种非局部理论,能够通过键的失效来自发模拟材料的失效、破坏,其在海洋工程领域已取得初步的研究成果,尤其是在冰区船舶与海洋工程领域,更显出了该方法的优越性。为了更好地了解近场动力学在冰区船舶和海洋工程中的应用,对近场动力学在冰区船舶与海洋工程应用中的问题进行梳理,主要包括冰材料本构模型、冰−结构作用模型、冰−水耦合方法、结构物力学模型、水下爆炸破冰应用及结构表面覆冰除冰的应用等。同时,在全面回顾已有研究成果的基础上,分析其特点和面临的挑战,探讨相应的解决思路和未来的研究方向。     

国际运输船舶移籍博弈

由于船籍政策涉及的主体在目标和利益上的不一致性及行为的相互作用和影响,使得船籍政策分析具有显著的博弈特性。建立了两阶段动态博弈模型来分析母国政府和船东之间在船舶移籍问题上的互动关系。     

高速高频船舶舵机系统动态特性分析与研究

为船舶高速高频舵机的设计提供理论依据和技术支撑,提出了基于ADAMS、SIMULINK和AMESim的联合仿真分析的新方法,分析了船舶舵机分系统单元、非线性因素与整机系统动态特性的关系。基于ADAMS、SIMULINK和AMESim建立了船舶舵机系统联合仿真模型,从时频角度研究了变量泵、控制系统、反馈机构及传感器的特性,以及间隙、死区、泄露、灵敏度等非线性因素对舵机系统频响特性的影响关系和规律,得出了高速高频舵机设计的一般准则。     

基于模糊层次评价法的动力定位系统综合评价

通过对动力定位系统体系结构的分析,确立动力定位系统RAM评估指标的层次结构,即系统可靠性、系统可用性、系统可维护性。文章针对动力定位系统RAM的评估工作,采用AHP法确定评估指标体系各指标权重,建立了模糊综合评判模型,对系统的RAM进行量化,并对最终可能出现的不同评估结论进行分析与选择。最后以某耙吸式挖泥船为研究对象,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Dynamic diurnal social taxonomy of urban environments using data from a geocoded time use activity-travel diary and point-based business establishment inventory

In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied).     

aPLI冲击器动态标定方法研究

随着国内汽车安全领域的不断发展,汽车行人保护的概念逐渐被消费者了解,并受到了越来越多的关注,一种新型的aPLI冲击器开始参与试验评估.该冲击器与现有柔性腿型冲击器有较大区别,标定方法及评价区间也有不同之处,更高精确度的标定能够更好的反应冲击器的真实状况,但是国内使用该冲击器的经验不够丰富,本文通过拆解介绍了aPLI冲击...     

基于用户认知的新能源汽车内饰研究

在体验经济时代(在消费过程中追求顾客满意、注重自我体验),新能源汽车作为汽车行业的新兴产业,不断受到人们的追捧,其内饰比外观更为重要.在新能源汽车的内饰中,许多零部件具有不可替代的互动性,这也是用户了解新能源汽车内饰的关键因素之一.在智能化时代的背景下,大多数新能源汽车制造商单纯地将智能技术应用到新能源汽车上,其内饰造...     

基于时空网络的铁路空车调配动态优化模型

为合理配置空车资源,研究了路局（公司）管内空车调配的动态优化问题。构建区分时段长度的时空网络,以准确描述车站作业能力的变化。借鉴运输问题（TP）的基本思想,通过引入空车供需约束,将动态空车调配问题转化为基于时空网络的多商品网络流问题。结合空车调配的特点,设置2组整数决策变量,将分界站排空与局（公司）管内配空分开考虑。设置0-1辅助变量构建车种代用约束。在此基础上,以总费用最小为目标,构建了空车调配动态优化的混合整数规划模型。以中国铁路昆明局集团有限公司管内空车调配为例,验证了模型的可行性与有效性。算例结果表明,与静态空车调配方法相比,构建的动态空车调配模型不仅降低了空车调配总成本,而且调配方案更加贴合实际。与现有动态空车调配方法相比,通过改变时空网络中时段的划分方式,降低了模型求解的复杂度,构建的模型在获取空车调配方案的同时能够更加直观的看出空车在不同时间的作业状态。