Burnout in seafarers: its antecedents and effects on incidents at sea

Seafarer health and well-being has long been a concern in the shipping industry because of the unique characteristics of working at sea. This paper aims to identify the role of burnout in seafarer health and well-being and its effect on safety. In particular, we differentiated seafarer burnout into personal and work-related burnout to reflect the ambiguous distinction between rest and work in seafarers’ job environment. We also investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation for seafarers to reduce burnout. This study proposes a conceptual framework to identify the causal relationship between occupational stress, sleepiness, emotion regulation, burnout, and incidents at sea. To verify the proposed framework, scales were adapted from established scales in the literature; a cross-sectional survey was also conducted to collect empirical data for analysis with path and simultaneous equation models. The analysis results revealed that personal and work-related burnout in seafarers are mutually affected; however, only work-related burnout exerts a direct effect on incidents. Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in seafarers to reduce personal burnout, but not work-related burnout. Occupational stress and sleepiness exert positive effects on both personal and work-related burnout; yet, their effect on incidents is mediated by work-related burnout.     

中国干散货海运景气监测及预警指标与模型研究

在简要分析干散货海运市场走势及主要影响因素的基础上,综合运用Delphi法、时差相关分析法、K-L信息量法与经验借鉴法,建立了中国干散货海运市场环境景气监测预警指标体系与中国干散货海运企业景气监测预警指标体系.同时,综合利用t检验、综合评价法、合成指数与扩散指数等方法,分别建立了中国干散货海运市场环境监测示警模型、中国干散货海运市场环境预测示警模型、中国干散货海运企业监测示警模型与中国干散货海运企业预测示警模型.最后,通过历史数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明,中国干散货海运市场环境存在偏冷风险,干散货海运企业流动资金依旧比较紧张,未来将进入一段较长时间的复苏期.     

The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

国土空间规划体系下BIM技术在港口规划中的应用

国土空间规划体系的构建,明确要求港口规划等相关专项规划的有关技术标准应与之衔接,叠加至国土空间规划"一张图"。传统港口规划维度仍停留在二维平面布置层次,多维多源空间信息分析手段缺失,全生命周期规划管理的技术体系尚未建立,空间分析和定量优化水平落后,已难以适应国土空间规划体系的新要求。BIM作为一种集成工程各种信息的数据模型,是一种全新的涉及规划、设计、建造及运营管理的方法,也是一种能够解决国土空间资源相关规划的统筹、衔接问题的有效技术手段。梳理国内外BIM技术在工程领域的应用情况,指出港口规划领域应用BIM技术所面临的应用架构缺失、空间规划技术手段发展滞后、应用标准体系欠完善等问题,进而提出未来BIM技术在港口规划中的应用方向,包括促进BIM+GIS融合发展、拓展港口规划方案优化视角、有效衔接相关领域控制性详细规划成果等,以推动BIM技术应用于港口工程全过程方案优化和科学决策。     

西江(广西段)航道整治几点经验(续)

<正>西江航运开发采取上游渠化航道,下游整治的方针.“七五”期间建设了桂平枢纽,改善航道110km.“八五”期间建设贵港通航枢纽,1997年截流通航,渠化航道104km.桂平至西津之间43个滩险,除地伏滩、伏波滩和鸡儿滩需进行不同程度的整治外,都已满足通航尺度要求.西津电站1964年建成,水位60.60m以上回水可达南宁,但这种水位机率小.西津水库原设计死水位为59.62m.变动回水区内有著名的浅滩洴滩,建库以后,水沙条件改变,滩     

减速频次催生换道意图下自动驾驶车辆自适应换道模型

科学、合理、拟人化的换道控制是实现自动驾驶车辆安全高效行驶的重要保障,已有研究主要考虑相邻车道速度差、换道间隙等要素对车辆换道控制的影响,并未考虑车辆频繁加减速导致乘车体验差而催生换道意图这一重要现象。针对该问题,设计以抗干扰能力为基础的自动驾驶车辆自适应换道调控方法,其调控过程主要包括：采用智能驾驶人模型控制自动驾驶车辆纵向驾驶行为,以减速频次为指标度量自动驾驶车辆的抗干扰能力,并将抗干扰能力引入到自动驾驶车辆换道决策过程中,模拟自动驾驶车辆因频繁加减速导致乘车体验差而产生换道意图的现象,在此基础上,提出车辆换道控制模型。然后,以智慧高速为背景,利用Netlogo构建多种自动驾驶车辆运行场景,测试所构建的自适应换道调控方法。研究结果表明：智能驾驶人模型的选用能够合理体现自动驾驶车辆换道行为对交通流的运行影响;相比于低密度车流（≤30 veh）,在中高密度车流情况下（≥40 veh）,自动驾驶车辆维持原有车道运行的能力较弱、换道频率较高,且过高[80次·（5 min）^-1]或过低[10次·（5 min）^-1]的抗干扰能力临界值会导致自动驾驶车辆运行速度降低至10 km·h^-1,因此可以根据不同车流密度条件对自动驾驶车辆的最大抗干扰能力进行设置和调整,从而保证自动驾驶车辆的运行效率,这也从侧面证明了所提自适应换道调控方法的科学性与合理性。研究结果对于提高自动驾驶车辆换道控制的合理自主性具有重要意义,该结果进一步完善了自动驾驶车辆换道模型库,能够为自动驾驶自适应换道调控提供理论和技术支撑。     

长江上游红灯碛滩采砂活动对航道维护的影响及治理措施

随着经济的发展和基础设施建设的不断推进,在部分河道内曾进行过较大强度的挖砂采石活动。目前随着生态和环保意识的不断增强,无序开采活动基本绝迹,但已造成的影响短期内却不会消除。长江上游红灯碛滩挖砂采石影响凸显以后航道整治建筑物功能减弱,航道条件恶化,威胁通航安全。在航道维护中通过工程措施恢复原有航道整治建筑物功能,防止河段航道出浅碍航,取得较好的效果,并为后续进一步航道治理奠定了基础。     

放松规制下的出租车服务定价博弈模型

依据出租车行业规制特征,探讨了出租车行业在放松规制条件下的定价博弈模型.通过对政府与出租车公司之间的博弈关系分析,建立了斯坦克尔伯格双层规划模型.在出租车价格规制双层规划模型中,上层规划目标是社会福利最大化,下层规划目标是出租车公司利益最大化.模型考虑了出租车运营的实载里程.考虑双层规划模型求解的复杂性,使用遗传算法求解了放松规制后的规制价格上限值,然后结合案例,对放松规制定价博弈模型进行了研究.计算结果表明:该模型能够有效反映定价过程,模型与算法是有效的.最后考虑时间因素,建立了动态规制定价博弈模型.     

家蚕滞育激素受体体外上调下游海藻糖酶基因的表达

家蚕滞育激素（Bombyx mori diapause hormone,BmDH）与滞育激素受体（BmDH receptor,BmDHR）结合,调控其信号通路中的下游基因的表达.在二化性家蚕中,受滞育信号的影响,蛹体卵巢膜上海藻糖酶的活性增强.为了证实 BmDHR对家蚕海藻糖酶基因（Bmtre）表达的调控作用,以 pcDNA3.1为载体,构建了4种由 ie -1启动子驱动的不同 Bmdhr 的表达质粒 pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr1、pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr3、pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr4、pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr5和（Bmtre 启动子驱动的萤火虫荧光素酶基因（luciferase,luc）报告质粒 p3Z - Bmtre - luc;用脂质体（Lipofectin）包埋1种 Bmdhr 表达质粒或不同摩尔比的 pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr1/ pcDNA - ie1- Bmdhr5以及报告质粒后,分别共转染源于卵巢的家蚕细胞 BmN,在 DH 作用下体外检测 BmDHRs 对海藻糖酶基因启动子活性的影响.结果表明,4种滞育激素受体 BmDHR -1、BmDHR -3、BmDHR -4和BmDHR -5分别表达时,均能上调海藻糖酶基因启动子的活性;不同摩尔比（1：3,1：1,3：1）的 BmDHR -1/ BmDHR -5也均能上调海藻糖酶基因启动子的活性,由此证明 BmDHR 能上调其信号通路中下游基因 Bmtre 的表达.