用示波器对柴油机喷油系统进行故障检测与诊断

阐述利用示波器对柴油发动机喷油系统压力波形进行检测,并利用检测的压力波形对其故障进行诊断的基本原理和方法。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土直接拉伸性能的试验研究

重点研究聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土在单轴直接拉伸荷载下的力学性能和纤维混凝土的单轴拉伸应力变形全曲线。提出单轴拉伸相对应力裂缝宽度曲线的理论方程式。由单轴拉伸全曲线得到了纤维混凝土的应力裂缝宽度曲线、断裂能及特征长度等。试验发现:当纤维体积掺量为0 14%时,纤维混凝土的轴心抗拉强度比基准混凝土提高20%,极限拉伸应变提高49%,断裂能提高68%,临界断裂时的最大裂缝宽度增加55%。聚丙烯纤维具有良好的阻裂性能,增强了硬化混凝土的能量吸收能力。     

电动汽车充电桩安全管理研究

随着国家对环境保护和能源节约的重视以及新能源政策的实施,电动汽车行业迎来了快速发展。充电基础设施的建设,是加快电动汽车推广的重要需要。电动汽车充电基础设施建设和运营业务发展的机会也极大,随之而来的安全管理工作要求也越来越高。本文依据充电桩建设和运营的特点,剖析其中面临的安全风险,并提出加强安全管理工作的措施,为充电桩企业安全管理运营提供参考和借鉴。     

深圳地铁永磁同步牵引系统研究分析

牵引传动系统是轨道交通车辆装备实现机电能量转换的“心脏”单元,其性能在某种程度上决定轨道交通车辆的动力品质、能耗和控制特性,是轨道交通车辆节能升级的关键系统。而永磁同步牵引系统以其高效率、高可靠性和低能耗的优势特点,受到轨道交通行业的密切关注。文章阐述深圳地铁10号线永磁同步牵引系统批量装车概况,重点分析永磁同步牵引系统组成及优势,指出推广应用永磁同步牵引系统的经济和社会效益显著。     

缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考.     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

基于生长曲线函数的货车运营环节碳达峰研究

货车是我国大气环境污染的重要来源之一，也是影响我国碳达峰总体目标实现的重要因 素。本文从货车运营环节入手，在运用生长曲线函数对货车保有量进行预测的基础上，对不同类 型货车的保有量和单车碳排放变化进行研究，并从货车节能技术发展、新能源货车推广和应用进 程两方面入手，分3种情景对货车运营环节中产生的碳排放总量趋势进行预判，推演货车运营环 节的碳达峰时间。研究结果表明，只有同时加快货车节能技术发展以及新能源货车推广和应用 进程，货车运营环节中产生的碳排放总量规模才能得到有效抑制并逐渐减少。若到 2030 年货 车单车燃料消耗水平较 2019 年降低 20%以上，新能源货车在货车整体保有量中的占比达到 20%，到 2060 年货车单车燃料消耗水平较 2019 年降低 50%，新能源货车占比达到 50%，则货车 运营环节碳达峰时间将缩短至2030年左右实现，2030年后货车运营环节产生的碳排放总量规 模将逐渐减少。     

高速铁路轨道的波阻抗及影响因素研究

高速铁路轨道在雷击或故障冲击电流作用下会产生暂态冲击过电压,该过电压的大小由轨道的波阻抗决定。通过建立高速铁路线路的仿真模型,分析直角冲击波在轨道上的传播与折反射过程,提出轨道的波阻抗的计算方法,研究钢轨类型、土壤电阻率、钢轨对地过渡电阻对波阻抗的影响。结果表明:P60型轨道波阻抗数值为235. 55Ω;轨道的波阻抗主要受钢轨类型和土壤电阻率的影响,高速铁路轨道的波阻抗在在210～250Ω变化;在高速铁路轨道仿真模型中,线路末端电阻等于波阻抗时,可以有效地消除折反射对仿真结果的影响,末端电阻的取值不需要考虑钢轨地过渡电阻的影响。研究给出高速铁路轨道波阻抗的范围及仿真模型中末端电阻的取值方法,可以为轨道过电压计算、分析与仿真提供理论与方法参考。     

A comparative life-cycle energy and emissions analysis for intercity passenger transportation in the U.S. by aviation,intercity bus,and automobile

Intercity passenger trips constitute a significant source of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. The most commonly used city-to-city modes in the United States include aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. This study applies state-of-the-practice models to assess life-cycle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for intercity trips via aircraft, intercity bus, and automobile. The analyses compare the fuel and emissions impacts of different travel mode scenarios for intercity trips ranging from 200 to 1600 km. Because these modes operate differently with respect to engine technology, fuel type, and vehicle capacity, the modeling techniques and modeling boundaries vary significantly across modes. For aviation systems, much of the energy and emissions are associated with auxiliary equipment activities, infrastructure power supply, and terminal activities, in addition to the vehicle operations between origin/destination. Furthermore, one should not ignore the embodied energy and initial emissions from the manufacturing of the vehicles, and the construction of airports, bus stations, highways and parking lots. Passenger loading factors and travel distances also significantly influence fuel and emissions results on a per-traveler basis. The results show intercity bus is generally the most fuel-efficient mode and produced the lowest per-passenger-trip emissions for the entire range of trip distances examined. Aviation is not a fuel-efficient mode for short trips (<500 km), primarily due to the large energy impacts associated with takeoff and landing, and to some extent from the emissions of ground support equipment associated with any trip distance. However, aviation is more energy efficient and produces less emissions per-passenger-trip than low-occupancy automobiles for trip distances longer than 700–800 km. This study will help inform policy makers and transportation system operators about how differently each intercity system perform across all activities, and provides a basis for future policies designed to encourage mode shifts by range of service. The estimation procedures used in this study can serve as a reference for future analyses of transportation scenarios.     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.