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111.
基于全寿命桥梁设计思想,针对桥梁的使用性能设计、安全性设计和耐久性设计进行研究,分析基于全寿命桥梁性能的设计过程,可为同行提供参考。 相似文献
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针对PC连续刚构桥梁底长束的张拉导致合龙段箱梁底板和腹板开裂问题,以黑崖沟2号桥为背景工程,探讨了采用不同次数梁底曲线对箱梁局部应力状态的影响。在此基础上,揭示了箱梁易于开裂的危险部位,分析了导致开裂的主要原因,提出PC连续刚构桥梁底曲线次数不低于1.6次的建议。同时,结合实际工程,通过对三种防裂设计方案的理论研究与实桥测试结果的比对发现,采用跨中设置实体隔板的设计方案,可有效地解决合龙段箱梁底板下缘和腹板内侧的开裂问题。 相似文献
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在考虑客流需求波动及车辆运行时间随机变动的情况下,建立了以乘客候车期望和公交车辆利用率总体最优为目标的公交线路服务频率优化模型.利用蒙特卡罗方法随机模拟一条高频线路的公交服务,计算得到了给定线路参数下的最优服务频率.算例表明该模型可用来确定高频服务公交线路的发车时间间隔. 相似文献
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普速铁路的客运市场可以分为公益性与盈利性两种,区分这两种服务有利于兼顾公平与盈利目标.本文在转运模型的基础上,提出了分离可调配客票管理策略,即在车票预售期开始分别为公益性与普通运输市场分配一定的席位,在发车前(24 h)可以将未售出的公益性客票调配到盈利性市场销售.该策略考虑公益性运输需求的最低服务水平约束与列车能力约束.解析解显示该策略与公益优先的系统目标激励相容,即企业会自发选择高水平的公益性客票供给.算例结果显示该策略能够同时提高公益性需求服务水平与单位客票收入. 相似文献
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Climate change is one of the most critical environmental challenges faced in the world today. The transportation sector alone contributes to 22% of carbon emissions, of which 80% are contributed by road transportation. In this paper we investigate the potential private car greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and social welfare gains resulting from upgrading the bus service in the Greater Beirut Area. To this end, a stated preference (SP) survey on mode switching from private car to bus was conducted in this area and analyzed by means of a mixed logit model. We then used the model outputs to simulate aggregate switching behavior in the study area and the attendant welfare and environmental gains and private car GHG emissions reductions under various alternative scenarios of bus service upgrade. We recommend a bundle of realistic bus service improvements in the short term that will result in a reasonable shift to buses and measurable reduction in private car emissions. We argue that such improvements will need to be comprehensive in scope and include both improvements in bus level of service attributes (access/egress time, headway, in-vehicle travel time, and number of transfers) and the provision of amenities, including air-conditioning and Wi-Fi. Moreover, such a service needs to be cheaply priced to achieve reasonably high levels of switching behavior. With a comprehensively overhauled bus service, one would expect that bus ridership would increase for commuting purposes at first, and once the habit for it is formed, for travel purposes other than commuting, hence dramatically broadening the scope of private car GHG emissions reduction. This said, this study demonstrates the limits of focused sectorial policies in targeting and reducing private car GHG emissions, and highlights the need for combining behavioral interventions with other measures, most notably technological innovations, in order for the contribution of this sector to GHG emissions mitigation to be sizable. 相似文献
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To improve the accessibility of transit system in urban areas, this paper presents a flexible feeder transit routing model that can serve irregular‐shaped networks. By integrating the cost efficiency of fixed‐route transit system and the flexibility of demand responsive transit system, the proposed model is capable of letting operating feeder busses temporarily deviate from their current route so as to serve the reported demand locations. With an objective of minimizing total bus travel time, a new operational mode is then proposed to allow busses to serve passengers on both street sides. In addition, when multiple feeder busses are operating in the target service area, the proposed model can provide an optimal plan to locate the nearest one to response to the demands. A three‐stage solution algorithm is also developed to yield meta‐optimal solutions to the problem in a reasonable amount of time by transforming the problem into a traveling salesman problem. Numerical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model as well as the heuristic solution approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献