基于成长模型的吹填土软基沉降预测方法研究*

堆载预压和真空堆载联合预压处理吹填淤泥软基沉降变化规律与3种"S"型成长曲线变化规律相似。影响软基沉降发展规律的因素很多,3种成长曲线沉降预测模型仅反映了沉降发展规律中一种或几种信息特征,将各种单项预测模型进行组合,引入了变权"S"型成长曲线组合模型,结合围海造陆工程实例,对吹填淤泥软基沉降进行预测,结果表明:变权组合沉降预测模型预测未来沉降与实测值十分吻合,预测精度较单项模型高,采用该模型进行吹填淤泥软基沉降预测是可行的。     

基于拉索疲劳的铁路斜拉桥合理重量研究

基于斜拉索的容许疲劳强度和容许应力匹配的原则提出了铁路斜拉桥理论最小恒活载比的计算方法,并以此为基础得到了铁路斜拉桥的理论最小重量.双线铁路斜拉桥对应于高速铁路、客货共线铁路、重载铁路的理论最小重量分别在24.3～32.2、33.9～44.5、40.7～53.4 t/m;四线铁路斜拉桥对应于四线高速铁路、两线高速铁路+...     

亚砂土物理性指标的主成分分析

根据长江口北岸粘性土的工程勘察资料,采用主成分与主分量分析法,对亚砂土、亚粘土的多指标反映其土性信息的能力进行分析,所得结论具有一定的创新性和重要的参考价值.     

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND BODY WEIGHT, SERUM LEPTIN IN HIGH CALORIE DIET-INDUCED OBESE RATS

Objective To examine the change of body weight （BW） and blood pressure （BP） in obese rats, clarify relationships between BP and BW and other factors. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed either with normal diet （ND） or high calorie diet （HC） for 20 weeks. BW and BP of tail artery were observed biweekly and tetraweekly respectively; serum leptin and fasting insulin （FINS） were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay （ELISA） and radioimmunoassay （RIA） respectively. Fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and free fatty acid（FFA） were measured by conventional means. Results BW, abdominal fat weight （AFW）, ratio of abdominal fat weight to body weight （RF/W）, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, serum levels of leptin and FINS, FPG, FFA increased in the HD group after 20 weeks diet intervention （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. SBP was strongly correlated with BW, leptin, FINS and FFA （P〈0.05）, DBP was correlated with FFA （ r =0.47, P〈0.05）. In addition, leptin was positively correlated with BW, AFW, RF/W, FINS and FFA （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion In this study of high calorie-diet induced rats, the gain of BW is accompanied by increased BP. The obese rats have hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia which may have important effects on the development of obesityrelated hypertension. RF/W is the key factor in which affect serum leptin level.     

高强次轻混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过高强次轻混凝土梁的抗弯试验,对高强次轻混凝土梁的极限抗弯承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、延性和裂缝进行了分析,结果表明:与同等强度的轻集料混凝土梁相比,次轻混凝土梁具有较高的刚度,但略小于普通混凝土梁;使用荷载作用下次轻混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝宽度都满足正常使用极限状态的要求.次轻混凝土梁在破坏时都表现出较好的延性.     

Establishing and Managing Jurisdiction-wide Traffic Monitoring Systems: North American Experiences

With the rapid motorization process in China, an increasingly complicated highway transportation system has been developed. Reliable national and provincial traffic monitoring systems are becoming necessary. A review of experiences from developed countries in North America can be helpful for highway administrations and agencies to design and implement effective and efficient traffic monitoring systems. Highway agencies in North America have over time developed “standard” traffic monitoring systems based on guidelines from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The common practices are adopted based on the analysis of system accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The common practices can produce equivalent and comparable traffic summary statistics, which are able to support sensible decision-makings of all aspects of highway transportation. The experiences of highway agencies, current practices, and related guidelines in North America are therefore presented at first. The principles for guiding development and operation of traffic data programs are then summarized and reviewed. The existing problems and active research for traffic monitoring practices and standards are also identified and discussed. It is believed that the reviewed experiences, guidelines, and principles will be helpful for China to establish effective and common-practice based “standard” traffic monitoring systems.     

混凝土桥梁预防性养护的评价体系

针对公路常用钢筋混凝土桥梁,对预防性养护评价技术进行了研究。考虑桥梁主梁、墩台基础及桥面等3个主要构件,提出以耐久性指标为目标的层次评价分析模型,采用层次分析理论（AHP）,根据对《公路桥涵养护规范》及许多工程的调查结果确定了指标层权重;并在综合评价过程中采用变权原理对模糊综合评价结果进行了处理,使结果更为均衡,建立了一套较完整的公路常用桥梁预防性养护评价体系,把不可测量的混凝土结构或构件耐久性逐层分解为可现场检测的定性或定量指标。实例表明本方法具有可操作性和逻辑性。     

结合遗传算法的BP神经网络训练方法研究

针对BP神经网络存在收敛到局部极小问题,研究了直接利用遗传算法训练BP网络的方法和结合遗传算法训练网络初始权值的BP算法;通过简单异或问题说明了第一种方法所需训练时间较长;将第二种用于解决结构损伤识别问题,得到较好结果,说明利用遗传算法训练初始权值可以克服BP神经网络局部极值点问题,加快网络的收敛速度。     

水泥混凝土路面脱空判别研究与工程应用

针对目前水泥混凝土路面脱空现象的普遍存在和判别手段、判别方法的局限性,重点介绍了多级荷载回归法,并提出基于落锤式弯沉仪（FWD）的脱空临界线判别法,结合Winkler地基上的多块板有限元体系和非线性最小二乘优化方法,较好地反映了接缝传荷、现场基础强度对板角弯沉的影响。工程应用表明,该方法可以较好地反映现场实际情况,并适合于现场指导施工或大量数据的批量处理。     

基于空间自相关模型的铁路货流空间效应分析

为探究铁路货流影响因素和空间效应,从空间角度把握货流的产生和变化规律,以全国各省域铁路货运往来数据为基础构建网络空间权重矩阵,对货流的空间自相关性进行探索,并建立空间自相关模型分析其边际效应。研究结果表明:铁路货流呈现出显著的空间自相关性;其中发送地GDP、距离与铁路货流呈负相关,到达地GDP、工业产品产量、铁路营业里程、发送地资源产量与铁路货流呈正相关;发送地空间自相关、到达地空间自相关和流的空间自相关都对铁路货流有重要的影响,因此在进行货流分析时需要考虑其空间效应。