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运用复杂网络理论和可视化技术,从网络规模、边权分布、点权分布和网络弹性等角度,对2003—2008年中国和美国航空客流加权网络的结构进行对比分析. 研究表明：中国航空客流网络的规模与美国网络差异较大,但其承担航空客流的能力较强,发展潜力极大;中国和美国航空客流网络的边权分布和点权分布都服从幂律分布,呈现出应对随机攻击的稳定性和协同攻击的脆弱性;对中国和美国网络弹性的对比分析表明,多枢纽网络结构的稳定性远强于“三足鼎形”网络,中国应加强对枢纽的建设和管理.     

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在对区域交通一体化发展目标分解的基础上,从定性和定量两个角度建立了一套相对全面、适用可行的评价指标体系.考虑到目前区域交通一体化评价的相关统计数据不足,本文引入了模糊层次分析法确定评价指标权重,并考虑各分目标的不同重要程度提出了加权灰色欧几里德关联度评价模型,从而建立了基于FAHP赋权和加权灰色关联度定量评价的区域交通一体化组合评价方法.评价指标和方法的提出,弥补了现有研究的不足,实现了区域交通一体化的客观评价.实例分析表明,本文提出的组合评价方法相对于单一的评价方法更加科学严谨,具有较强的适用性和可操作性,为完善的区域交通一体化评价方法提供了理论参考.     

广深线石龙地区准高速铁路开通前后铁路环境噪声冲击指数

广深线准高速铁路是我国第一条准高速铁路，其开通前后铁路环境噪声对居民影响程度必将产生变化。通过现场测试，采用铁路环境噪声冲击指数，分析评价准高速铁路对环境噪声的实际影响。结果表明，广深线准高速铁路开通后，石龙镇敏感地段铁路环境噪声冲击指数有所下降，高噪声居民下降率昼间约为２２．６％，夜间约为２３．２％。     

某海域松散砂层钻探成孔问题的探讨

针对某港口工程海域松散砂层钻探成孔中,多次出现的塌孔和涌砂致使取土困难不能进行原位测试的问题,在实际操作中经过反复试验,采用加重泥浆护壁和投放粘土球等办法,增加钻孔孔底的压力和孔壁的泥皮厚度,使层压水不易向钻孔内渗流,并通过适当控制钻进速度最终解决了钻探成孔问题,保证了工程地质勘察资料的准确性、真实性.     

Factors affecting public transportation usage rate: Geographically weighted regression

As the number of private vehicles grows worldwide, so does air pollution and traffic congestion, which typically constrain economic development. To achieve transportation sustainability and continued economic development, the dependency on private vehicles must be decreased by increasing public transportation usage. However, without knowing the key factors that affect public transportation usage, developing strategies that effectively improve public transportation usage is impossible. Therefore, this study respectively applies global and local regression models to identify the key factors of usage rates for 348 regions (township or districts) in Taiwan. The global regression model, the Tobit regression model (TRM), is used to estimate one set of parameters that are associated with explanatory variables and explain regional differences in usage rates, while the local regression model, geographically weighted regression (GWR), estimates parameters differently depending on spatial correlations among neighbouring regions. By referencing related studies, 32 potential explanatory variables in four categories, social-economic, land use, public transportation, and private transportation, are chosen. Model performance is compared in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and spatial autocorrelation coefficient (Moran’ I). Estimation results show that the GWR model has better prediction accuracy and better accommodation of spatial autocorrelation. Seven variables are significantly tested, and most have parameters that differ across regions in Taiwan. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed that improve public transportation usage.     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

基于客户满意度的货运动车组开行方案研究

高铁货运逐渐兴起,本文对货运动车组开行方案优化进行了研究。针对高铁运输安全、快捷、运输成本较低等特性,提出以货运动车组及客货混编动车组为主,客运动车组捎带运输为补充的开行模式,结合运输需求、线路通过能力等限条件,以运输成本最小和货主满意度最大为目标,建立多目标综合优化模型,运用线性加权组合法,以lingo软件为依托进行求解。通过算例给出具体开行方案,并对同一运输区间各种运输方式的单位成本及用时进行对比分析。结果表明,相对于传统运输方式,高铁货运综合运输成本较低,用时更短,能够兼顾运输企业与货主的双重要求;所建模型优化效果明显,可为未来货运动车组的开行提供参考。     

交通可达性与城市经济活动的空间特征分析：以北京市为例

借助开源大数据平台，提出交通可达性及城市经济活动数据采集策略，利用全局常参数和局部变参数回归模型研究北京市六环区域内两者的空间特征.相比于全局模型，局部模型能够较好地刻画交通可达性与城市经济活动间的空间异质性特征.结果表明，私人交通可达性呈现以天安门为中心径向递减的多圈层结构，公共交通呈现轨道交通沿线区域高的特点.交通可达性与经济活动匹配度具有空间非平稳性，空间分离和匹配现象并存.西北部、中部区域空间匹配特征显著，东北部、东部区域次之，西南区域空间分离现象最为严重.丰台及良乡等分离区域，宜重视道路及轨道线网等基础设施建设工作；未来科学城等私人交通匹配，公共交通分离的区域，可考虑修建轨道线路，并增加公交运营服务水平；中关村科学城、北京经济技术开发区等匹配区域，以调整交通运营管理政策为主.     

构造多向局部人工透射边界的加权平均法

提出用加权平均法将边界节点附近的入射波表示为一系列预定入射角的平面波的加权叠加，以克服由于采用单一透射方向假定而导致离散局部透射边界和旁轴边界缺乏透射大角度入射波能力的缺点。根据这一思想建立的多向局部人工透射边界，能够在入射角范围内清除或减少人工边界的影响，用一个算例说明了本方法的可行性及有效性。     

单线区段列车运行图的自动化调整方法

介绍了在列车运行情况已知的条件下，在(t1，t2]时间域内对列车运行图的自动化调整方法，提出了用列车晚点加权总时分作为评价列车运行图调整优劣的指标，并建立了指标优化的数学模型和简化模型。把简化模型构成网络图，并使用分支定界法设计了列车运行图调整的算法。通过模拟编程验证，该算法可行、有效，能在较短的时间内得出较理想的3～4h列车运行图。