混沌时间序列局域零阶预测法性能比较

利用计算机仿真比较了均值、距离加权和指数加权3种混沌局域零阶预测方法的预测精度、抗噪声及多步预测性能．在无噪声或噪声干扰较小时，距离加权预测法的性能最好；当噪声干扰较大时，指数加权预测法预测性能最优．指数加权与均值预测法几乎具有相同的多步预测能力，距离加权预测法的短期预测性能最佳．对于标准的离散混沌时间序列，3种预测方法多步预测误差达到一定值后，不再随预测步长的增加而增加；对于由连续系统抽样得到的混沌时间序列，多步预测误差呈现一定周期性变化．     

A robust decision feedback equalizer for ATSC DTV receivers

Least mean square （LMS） decision feedback equalizer （DFE） is preferred as an effective solution to coping with inter-symbol interference （ISI） for ATSC digital television （DTV） receivers. In DTV transmission environment, echo delay often covers several hundreds symbols, which leads to very large-scale equalizer. One consequence of the large-scale equalizer is the very slow convergence, which combined with error propagation, inherent drawback of DFE, seriously deteriorates the performance of the receivers, especially in severe channels. More working modes and corresponding robust control mechanism were given to help the equalizer converge to the stable state smoothly. Simulation results show that the improved equalizer can perform better, especially in the severe channels.     

基于曲率变化特征的既有线路整正算法设计

铁路曲线运营过程不可避免会产生几何形位变化,运行速度的提升需要现代化的检测手段,相应的曲线整正算法设计是列车安全、舒适运营的重要保障。采用某线路轨检小车实测5 m间隔数据,以现场实测数据为基础,从曲率和曲率变化率的角度分析不同间隔条件下的轨道几何形位特征,采用基于正交最小二乘和三次样条的平面拟合方法,利用线路的曲率特征进行线路初始参数获取,设计相应的平面曲线线形优化重构算法。编程实现算法在具体线路的应用,以拨道量改正数最小为目标函数,采用5、10 m不同测点间隔的计算结果分析并结合现场实际,取得了较好的计算结果。通过现场实例表明,该方法具有理论简单、计算准确,与现代高速行车检测方法适应好等特点。     

疲劳裂纹扩展模型中表征裂纹闭合水平参数的确定

借助7075-T 6铝合金、6013铝合金以及0.45w t%碳钢的疲劳试验数据,结合上述材料的力学性能参数,通过非线性最小平方拟合方法,研究了表征裂纹闭合水平参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响。研究结果表明,对于宏观裂纹范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k只要大于某个值就对疲劳裂纹扩展率无影响;而对于小裂纹阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响较明显,因此参数k的大小主要取决于小裂纹扩展数据。依据0.45w t%碳钢疲劳试验数据,相应参数k的建议值为6 000m-1。     

贵州省滑坡灾害危险性分区图编制研究

基于GIS对贵州省区域内的滑坡危险性进行评估.首先,研究将历史地质灾害分布、地形、地层岩性、断裂构造、河流水系和年均降雨量作为相互独立的滑坡诱发因子,并对各因子按照一定标准再次分级,形成滑坡危险性评价指标体系,绘制各因子的分级图层;然后,考虑因子贡献率,以黄金分割法确定6个因子对发生滑坡灾害的权重;最后,在GIS环境下,应用权重线性组合模型建立滑坡危险性分区图.根据该图,研究区域被划分成4个危险等级:灾害密集发育区、灾害中等密集发育区、灾害偶发区、灾害基本不发育区.通过将滑坡危险性分区图与历史滑坡分布图叠加对比,验证分区图的准确性和可靠性.     

船用微型锅炉非线性温度系统控制器仿真与研究

为了实现对船用微型锅炉高、低水温的控制，在Matlab环境下对实测和计算的数据进行曲线拟合，建立了船用微型锅炉水温系统的非线性数学模型。运用滑模变结构控制理论，选取线性切换面和比例型趋近率，设计了一种滑模控制器，实现了双输入双输出非线性耦合温度系统的解耦和控制。通过Matlab／Simulink软件的仿真，结果显示滑模变结构控制算法对非线性系统的控制有响应快、超调小、调节时间短、无误差和抖动的特点。     

A comparison of various algorithms to extract Magic Formula tyre model coefficients for vehicle dynamics simulations

Tyre models are a prerequisite for any vehicle dynamics simulation. Tyre models range from the simplest mathematical models that consider only the cornering stiffness to a complex set of formulae. Among all the steady-state tyre models that are in use today, the Magic Formula tyre model is unique and most popular. Though the Magic Formula tyre model is widely used, obtaining the model coefficients from either the experimental or the simulation data is not straightforward due to its nonlinear nature and the presence of a large number of coefficients. A common procedure used for this extraction is the least-squares minimisation that requires considerable experience for initial guesses. Various researchers have tried different algorithms, namely, gradient and Newton-based methods, differential evolution, artificial neural networks, etc. The issues involved in all these algorithms are setting bounds or constraints, sensitivity of the parameters, the features of the input data such as the number of points, noisy data, experimental procedure used such as slip angle sweep or tyre measurement (TIME) procedure, etc. The extracted Magic Formula coefficients are affected by these variants. This paper highlights the issues that are commonly encountered in obtaining these coefficients with different algorithms, namely, least-squares minimisation using trust region algorithms, Nelder–Mead simplex, pattern search, differential evolution, particle swarm optimisation, cuckoo search, etc. A key observation is that not all the algorithms give the same Magic Formula coefficients for a given data. The nature of the input data and the type of the algorithm decide the set of the Magic Formula tyre model coefficients.     

基于BIM的三维地形自动修正和拟合方法

在铁路工程BIM设计中,利用测绘资料生成的三维地形面是BIM设计的基准数据。现有铁路BIM设计软件一般利用已知特征点、线直接生成三角网,由该方法生成的面存在无法反映实际特征以及三角面之间过渡突兀等问题。针对此方法的不足,提出一种基于高斯过程回归模型的三维地形面拟合及修正方法,即利用少量特征点、线拟合三维地形面,也可以在顾及原始曲面三维特征的前提下,利用少量高精度特征点、线进行纠正,得到更高精度的地形面。该方法已应用于京张高铁BIM设计中,为路基、桥梁、隧道、建筑以及站后各专业提供了准确的地形基准,具备良好的实际应用价值。     

6200车位滚装船汽车绑扎件安装分析

分析6200车位滚装船汽车绑扎件在安装阶段存在的问题,研讨对策并提出改进方案.通过比较改进方案前后的数据,验证该方案的有效性.该方案实现了节约材料、能源,减少现场作业工时,可提高现场综合施工效率.