交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计模型研究

动态起点-迄点（OD）矩阵为智能交通系统提供所需的基础数据。为了提高交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计的精度,在最小化路段实际交通量和分配交通量之间差值以及最小化历史OD矩阵和待估计OD矩阵之间差值的基础上,将浮动车采集信息融合到OD矩阵估计过程中;在动态网络加载过程中,OD矩阵估计值如果大于加载车辆数会使网络中的定点问题求解发散。为了避免该情况的发生,基于广义最小二乘模型并引入容量约束,提出1种带不等式约束的动态OD矩阵估计方法。仿真实验表明,该方法对于OD矩阵估计的精度较好,优于带滑动窗的广义最小二乘算法。     

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF MCFC STACK

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How to assess sustainability of suppliers in volume discount context? A new data envelopment analysis approach

In this paper, we reformulate conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models and propose a novel method for evaluating sustainability of suppliers in the presence of interval volume discount offers, fuzzy data, and ordinal data. To this end, we convert all data into interval data. To convert fuzzy data into interval data, we use nearest weighted interval approximation by applying weighting function and we convert each ordinal data into interval one. Then, using enhanced Russell model, interval efficiencies are obtained. After that, using preference degree approach, we rank suppliers. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate our proposed approach.     

Door-to-door travel times in RP departure time choice models: An approximation method using GPS data

A common way to determine values of travel time and schedule delay is to estimate departure time choice models, using stated preference (SP) or revealed preference (RP) data. The latter are used less frequently, mainly because of the difficulties to collect the data required for the model estimation. One main requirement is knowledge of the (expected) travel times for both chosen and unchosen departure time alternatives. As the availability of such data is limited, most RP-based scheduling models only take into account travel times on trip segments rather than door-to-door travel times, or use very rough measures of door-to-door travel times. We show that ignoring the temporal and spatial variation of travel times, and, in particular, the correlation of travel times across links may lead to biased estimates of the value of time (VOT). To approximate door-to-door travel times for which no complete measurement is possible, we develop a method that relates travel times on links with continuous speed measurements to travel times on links where relatively infrequent GPS-based speed measurements are available. We use geographically weighted regression to estimate the location-specific relation between the speeds on these two types of links, which is then used for travel time prediction at different locations, days, and times of the day. This method is not only useful for the approximation of door-to-door travel times in departure time choice models, but is generally relevant for predicting travel times in situations where continuous speed measurements can be enriched with GPS data.     

沪通铁路土压力盒标定工装设计及试验研究

为获取精确的测试数据,提出土压力盒标定需求,通过ANSYS建模分析,设计适用于试验室土压力盒的标定工装:承压板直径取32 cm,标定桶高15 cm,内径33 cm,承压板板厚2 cm,标定桶壁厚0.5 cm。并进行了试验研究,试验表明:采用最小二乘法线性拟合获得的相关系数R~2均大于0.99,线性较好,且同一量程下的2个土压力盒的砂标K_1与厂标K_2的比值相近,数据重复性较好,工装合理适用;砂标K_1大于厂标K_2,工程应用之前,结合工程实际进行标定是必要的;量程选取时,使用范围不宜超过土压力盒最大量程的2/3。     

大型O型转子式翻车机端环轨道圆度的测量方法研究

保证翻车机端环结构的刚度,使其回转驱动齿圈保持规范要求的圆度,是设备运转平稳的前提。但准确测量和评价端环轨道的圆度比较困难。本文介绍了一种使用水准仪和经纬仪对在线翻车机端环轨道圆度进行测量,采用最小二乘法对测量数据进行评定的方法,以便有针对性地对端环轨道圆度进行调整。     

最小二乘法在道路纵坡设计中的应用

运用最小二乘法对道路中心线的纵断面地面线进行分段直线拟合,建立最佳纵坡线方程,从而得到最小填挖方数量的道路纵坡设计线,再用设计规范的坡度和坡长限制以达到设计纵坡合理经济的目的。     

一种基于幂级数展开和最小二乘法的高速公路稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的辨识算法

提出了一种新的辨识Markos Papageorgiou提出的高速公路交通流模型中稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的算法.该算法分为两个步骤,第1步,利用幂级数的原理,将该关系式由非线性模型转换成线性模型;第2步,采用最小二乘法辨识线性模型,并在此基础上获得非线性模型的所有参数,从而达到辨识稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的目的.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,与传统的非线性辨识算法相比,该算法大大提高了模型辨识的运算速度,同时可以实现任意的辨识精度.     

机场刚性道面地基参数识别研究

提出一种机场刚性道面无损检测中的地基反应模量K的动态识别方法，以运动荷载作用下的粘弹性Winkler地基上的板系统的动态力学计算模型的方程解析解为基础，应用最小二乘方准则来拟合实测动挠度和理论动挠度，从而识别出地基反应模量K。通过实例计算，表明识别结果可靠。     

汽车轮边功率特性快速测试方法的研究

按照一定的测试过程使用底盘测功机测试汽车轮边功率特性,在底盘测功机的转鼓速度同车轮转速没有达到相对稳定时测取底盘测功机的吸收功率,作为该速度下不准确的轮边功率,对此不准确的轮边功率进行修正,获得准确的轮边功率,解决了传统汽车轮边功率特性测试时间过长的问题,对汽车动力性能测试和柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试具有重要的实际意义。