广深线石龙地区准高速铁路开通前后铁路环境噪声冲击指数

广深线准高速铁路是我国第一条准高速铁路，其开通前后铁路环境噪声对居民影响程度必将产生变化。通过现场测试，采用铁路环境噪声冲击指数，分析评价准高速铁路对环境噪声的实际影响。结果表明，广深线准高速铁路开通后，石龙镇敏感地段铁路环境噪声冲击指数有所下降，高噪声居民下降率昼间约为２２．６％，夜间约为２３．２％。     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

船舶辐射噪声声源匹配定量分析方法

随着近年来对船舶噪声重视的增加,确定各噪声源在辐射噪声中的组成和贡献就变得格外重要。本文利用码头单机噪声试验确定单台设备噪声特征,通过拟合得到噪声特征表达式,利用单机组合测试数据,确定各个单机在辐射噪声中的组成比例,综合确定各噪声源在辐射噪声中的组成和贡献。阐述了数值拟合和声源匹配理论,给出了计算方法,结合测量数据进行了拟合及匹配计算。通过测量结果和匹配结果的比较,证明了本方法的可行性。     

捷联惯性姿态测量系统的扩展遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法研究

在实际大型动态测量船动态变形测量应用中准确确定捷联惯性姿态测量系统噪声模型和相关性比较困难,采用常规卡尔曼滤波(KF)会导致较大的状态估计误差,甚至使滤波器发散.针对这一问题,在分析扩展遗忘因子递推最小二乘(EFRLS)算法的稳定性基础上将EFRLS估计误差与带系统相关噪声的卡尔曼滤波器估计误差进行了比较,并针对大型测量船动态环境采用EFRLS算法对变形参数进行了估计,仿真结果验证了EFRLS算法在噪声信息未知情况下的有效性.     

SWAN风浪成长模型在近海设计波浪要素推算中的应用

根据黄、渤海区20 a中最大风速对应的风场过程,利用SWAN模型模拟风浪的成长过程,利用针对模型推算所得的烟台芝罘岛附近海域的系列波浪要素,进行P-III型曲线的拟合分析,得到不同重现期条件下的特征波浪要素。模型计算过程中,只需对美国NCEP和欧洲ECMWF风场后报资料进行简单校正,据此通过SWAN模型推算的特征波浪要素值就可与根据芝罘岛海洋环境监测站现场观测资料推断的波浪要素值基本一致。     

某海域松散砂层钻探成孔问题的探讨

针对某港口工程海域松散砂层钻探成孔中,多次出现的塌孔和涌砂致使取土困难不能进行原位测试的问题,在实际操作中经过反复试验,采用加重泥浆护壁和投放粘土球等办法,增加钻孔孔底的压力和孔壁的泥皮厚度,使层压水不易向钻孔内渗流,并通过适当控制钻进速度最终解决了钻探成孔问题,保证了工程地质勘察资料的准确性、真实性.     

一种基于弹道系数的外弹道拟合方法

当弹丸的质量和质心变化后,其外弹道会相应的发生变化。为解决弹丸质量和质心大幅度变化后的弹道拟合问题,文章提出了一种以弹丸质心运动微分方程组为模型,采用估算弹道系数与误差拟合修正相结合的弹道拟合方法,解决了拟合系数法难以保证全弹道一致精度的难题。通过实测数据对该方法的检验,表明该方法具有一定工程应用价值。     

木寨岭隧道炭质板岩流变力学特性研究

为深入探究木寨岭隧道工程中炭质板岩的流变力学特性,在不同条件下,对现场取得的岩样进行单轴和三轴压缩蠕变试验,并对炭质板岩的蠕变特性进行分析,描述了炭质板岩的流变特性,得出了瞬时应变占总应变的比例为80%~90%,以及高围压下的流变多为等速流变等结论;采用Burgers流变本构模型,对试验数据进行参数拟合分析,得出了3组不同围压下炭质板岩流变本构方程的弹性模量、黏性模量、黏滞系数等主要参数。     

交互式多目标决策方法及其在海洋平台方案综合优选中的应用

提出了一种新的交互式多目标决策方法.它是在对指标有偏好信息及客观熵信息输出权重基础上,以严格的最小二乘法为工具,建立确定指标权重的优化模型,达到主观与客观的统一,从而为多目标决策问题寻求到一种行之有效的方法.通过将该方法应用于某海洋平台多目标决策,并与采用传统层次分析(AHP)方法相比较,结果表明该方法在应用于海洋平台方案综合优选等复杂多目标决策问题时是适用的和可靠的.     

Factors affecting public transportation usage rate: Geographically weighted regression

As the number of private vehicles grows worldwide, so does air pollution and traffic congestion, which typically constrain economic development. To achieve transportation sustainability and continued economic development, the dependency on private vehicles must be decreased by increasing public transportation usage. However, without knowing the key factors that affect public transportation usage, developing strategies that effectively improve public transportation usage is impossible. Therefore, this study respectively applies global and local regression models to identify the key factors of usage rates for 348 regions (township or districts) in Taiwan. The global regression model, the Tobit regression model (TRM), is used to estimate one set of parameters that are associated with explanatory variables and explain regional differences in usage rates, while the local regression model, geographically weighted regression (GWR), estimates parameters differently depending on spatial correlations among neighbouring regions. By referencing related studies, 32 potential explanatory variables in four categories, social-economic, land use, public transportation, and private transportation, are chosen. Model performance is compared in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and spatial autocorrelation coefficient (Moran’ I). Estimation results show that the GWR model has better prediction accuracy and better accommodation of spatial autocorrelation. Seven variables are significantly tested, and most have parameters that differ across regions in Taiwan. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed that improve public transportation usage.