13t单级减速驱动桥总成疲劳试验研究

通过模拟车桥的工况及参考IV ECO16-5220车桥总成疲劳试验的方法,对车桥总成进行疲劳试验。确定施加不同扭矩值时主减速器和差速器等部件的强度极限,由此确定车桥总成的疲劳寿命,从而得出汽车车桥总成的安全系数,为车桥的设计、生产提供可靠的依据。     

曲轴疲劳试验机自动控制系统的研制

为考核曲轴的弯曲疲劳强度 ,研制了一套由可编程控制器 (PIC)和PC机组成的高效、高自动化的试验装置 ,该装置可模拟曲轴在实际工况下的受力情况 ,测量所受应力的大小和分布等参数。实际应用证明 ,该装置具有较高的可靠性和自动化水平     

钢桥桥面沥青铺装层直道试验研究

在钢桥模型上进行了6种沥青混合料铺装层直道疲劳试验和高温车辙试验，研究了重复加载过程中应变变化规律，分析了桥面铺装层疲劳开裂性能，比较了各方案高温稳定性能。     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

钢桥面板纵肋顶板焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展的关键影响因素

正交异性钢桥面板疲劳问题突出，纵肋与顶板焊缝处是其关键疲劳易损部位，研究该部位疲劳裂纹的扩展过程并确定关键影响因素及其效应，有助于深刻理解其疲劳损伤机理。建立正交异性钢桥面板疲劳试验节段模型的有限元分析模型，将纵肋与顶板焊缝焊根处的疲劳裂纹近似为半椭圆形裂纹，基于断裂力学实现其扩展全过程的三维数值模拟。在此基础上研究初始裂纹的纵向位置和初始裂纹形状对疲劳裂纹扩展过程的影响，阐明扩展过程中的疲劳裂纹的形状变化，以及疲劳裂纹关键部位应力强度因子幅值的变化规律。研究表明：对于典型的正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与顶板焊缝，在纵向一段范围内，初始裂纹的纵向位置对裂纹扩展的影响不大；初始裂纹形状对裂纹扩展的影响主要体现在裂纹扩展的初始阶段，经过一段时间的扩展之后，不同形状的初始裂纹将演变为相对稳定的形状；持续一段时间后，裂纹将逐渐变得较为扁长；疲劳裂纹在深度方向上扩展超过约顶板厚度一半时，最深点的扩展速率将会减慢；深度相同的裂纹，形状越扁长时越倾向于向深度方向扩展，越不扁长时越倾向于向长度方向扩展。     

Driver fatigue: a vision-based approach to automatic diagnosis

In this paper, we describe a system that locates and tracks the eyes of a driver. The purpose of such a system is to perform detection of driver fatigue. By mounting a small camera inside the car, we can monitor the face of the driver and look for eye movements which indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning signal should be issued. This paper describes how to find and track the eyes. We also describe a method that can determine if the eyes are open or closed. The primary criterion for this system is that it must be highly non-intrusive. The system must also operate regardless of the texture and the color of the face. It must also be able to handle changing conditions such as changes in light, shadows, reflections, etc. Initial experimental results are very promising even when the driver moves his/her head in a way such that the camera does not have a frontal view of the driver’s face.     

基于风洞试验的变截面圆灯柱涡激振动与影响因素研究

为了研究某实桥变截面圆灯柱发生的风致二阶振动现象，采用多段薄壁空心铝管焊接并覆盖泡沫管和柔性PVC薄膜的方法，设计制作了满足相似比要求的变截面灯柱气弹模型，解决了低质量比、低阻尼比变截面细长结构风洞试验不便模拟的问题。通过风洞试验，采用非接触式视频测量位移系统和眼镜蛇探针测试了不同风速下灯柱位移响应和尾流风速，重现了灯柱的二阶振动现象，通过分析确定其为涡激振动；采用傅里叶变换和小波分析研究了变截面灯柱的涡脱频率和涡激振动时频特性；开展了不同焊缝位置对灯柱涡激振动影响研究，分析了3种不同螺旋线布置方式对灯柱涡激振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明：灯柱在涡激振动锁定区内发生单一模态的涡激振动，运动轨迹为清晰的椭圆形，而在锁定区外发生多模态振动；变截面灯柱中部存在一定长度的控制区域，当中部控制区域涡脱频率接近结构固有频率时即发生涡激振动锁定现象，当中部控制区域脱离锁定频率，此时圆柱的涡激振动响应迅速降低；灯柱涡激振动响应受焊缝的位置影响显著，不同的焊缝位置可能抑制或者增强涡激振动；8 cm螺距双螺旋线能够有效控制灯柱模型涡激振动响应。     

大跨度钢管桁架无柱雨棚施工技术

重庆江北火车站大跨度钢管桁架无柱式雨棚,高14m,长540m,建筑面积达56230m2。结构工程跨度大,场地条件复杂,施工制约因素多,质量要求高。对主桁架等大型构件首次采用加工厂下料、现场加工制作、现场拼装、整体吊装的方案。详述了主桁架的吊装、焊接等工艺和施工控制措施。通过合理选择施工方案,严格按照工艺要求,合理安排施工程序,保证了工程如期保质保量的完成。     

海洋工程用钢疲劳寿命与CTOD值关系的研究

通过对钻井平台上所用高强钢EQ70进行了韧度和疲劳性能的试验研究,得出了反映其韧度指标的裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)值和不同交变载荷下疲劳寿命值呈近似的线性关系.在应力幅值ΔP一定的情况下,疲劳寿命值N随着CTOD值的增大而增大,并且在高应力幅的时候,对数疲劳寿命和CTOD值有比较好的线性关系,最后还从微观意义上解释了产生这种关系的原因.     

粘层强度车辙疲劳试验研究

目前的粘层强度试验不能反映粘层的真实强度,鉴于此,先采用车辙仪碾压模拟道路实际运行环境,然后用拉拔、剪切试验测定车辙碾压后粘层的实际强度,并与车辙疲劳前粘层的强度进行对比。试验证明：该方法能真实地反映粘层强度,较目前常用的试验方法更为科学。