An experimental study of wave-in-deck loading and its dependence on the properties of the topside structure

This paper concerns the largest and arguably the most threatening wave loading component experienced by a broad range of offshore structures. It arises when an incident wave crest exceeds the elevation of the underside of the deck structure, leading to direct wave-in-deck (WID) loading. The extent of this loading may be limited to the partial submergence of some of the lowermost deck beams, or could involve the large-scale inundation of the entire deck area. Either way, very large loads can arise which must be taken into account when assessing the reliability of the structure. In an earlier contribution Ma and Swan (2020) provided an extensive laboratory study exploring the variation of these loads with the properties of the incident wave. The present paper describes a second stage of this experimental study in which the variation of the WID loads with the properties of the topside structure is addressed. Specifically, it considers the porosity, position and orientation of the topside relative to the incident wave conditions, and seeks to explore both the variations in the maximum load and the loading time–history resulting from these changes.Given the highly transitory nature of a WID loading event, coupled with the fact that the problem is governed by flow conditions at, or very close to, the instantaneous water surface, the loading process is driven by an exchange of momentum from the wave crest to the topside structure. A recently developed WID load model, based on exactly these arguments (Ma and Swan 2020), is used alongside the laboratory data to provide a break-down of the load into its component parts. This provides an enhanced physical understanding of the resulting load time–history. The first part of the study is based upon an idealised generic topside structure, allowing a systematic variation in key parameters, particularly porosity. The second part addresses a realistic topside structure demonstrating the practical relevance of earlier work. Taken together, the analysis clearly establishes the importance of the topside porosity, clarifies the spatial effects associated with the evolution of a large ocean wave beneath the plan area of a structure and explains the unexpected occurrence of impact-type loading on topside structures having a high porosity. Most importantly, the paper highlights those properties of a topside structure which must be incorporated if the WID loads are to be accurately predicted.     

砂轮进给速度对CBN砂轮磨损影响的试验研究

通过用陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮对45淬硬钢工件进行磨削试验,分析了砂轮进给速度对砂轮磨损的影响。结果表明,当砂轮线速度为60m／s、砂轮进给速度为30-40μm／s时,国产陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮在磨削过程中的磨损缓慢且均匀,同时可获得较高的磨削效率。     

浮置板轨道结构减振性能的落轴试验

对两种不同阻尼比的隔振器(1型隔振器的阻尼比小于2型隔振器)浮置板轨道结构的减振性能进行落轴试验,并与非浮置状态进行对比。测试结果表明,1型隔振器和2型隔振器浮置板轨道基础的垂向加速度分别比非浮置状态小75%和92%左右;1型隔振器浮置板轨道在8~40Hz和80~315 Hz频率范围内的隔振效果最大约为25 d B,2型隔振器浮置板轨道在10~200 Hz频率范围内的隔振效果为30~40 d B。针对此次试验所采用的两种隔振器,认为阻尼比较大的隔振器浮置板轨道的减振性能更好。     

连续梁在行驶车辆作用下的动态反应

把桥梁和车辆看作两个分离体系,把车辆视为二维非线性模型,并考虑到桥面的路面不平度影响,应用虚功原理和模态叠加法分别建立振动方程,在车辆与桥梁接触点采用接触力和位移协调的条件,利用迭代技术求解二者之间的相互作用力。以一座三跨连续梁为例,计算了该桥的动挠度曲线和相应的冲击系数。结果显示车辆在边跨行驶时中跨跨中截面的冲击系数要远大于车辆在中跨行驶时的冲击系数,桥梁在车辆动荷载作用下的冲击系数与车辆动力特性、车速、桥梁动力特性以及路面不平度等密切相关,仅仅看作桥梁基频的函数是过于简化的。     

起重机车轮组的快速参数化设计研究

要根据客户定制的参数设计出符合订单要求的个性化起重机车轮组产品,原有人工设计方法的设计周期较长、产品误差较大,基于知识工程和参数化设计的理论,利用对Solid Works软件的二次开发,构建用于起重机车轮组的三维快速参数化设计模型。通过Access数据库存储的系统设计信息和定制参数等基础数据,以Visual Basic编程语言驱动整个设计系统的运行,可大大提高设计工作的效率,进一步规范相关设计准则,以满足客户对起重机车轮组的设计要求。     

阻尼车轮噪声鉴定

铁路车轮阻尼被公认为是减少滚动噪声的可能措施之一.本文介绍了约束层阻尼车轮性能鉴定的试验方法和试验结果.     

反辐板机车轮的生产研制

反辐板机车轮因其辐板形状与常规车轮相反,故称反辐板车轮。本文分析了反辐板机车轮的结构特点,结合成形设备选择成形工艺路线。用商业有限元软件MARC/Superform数值模拟了反辐板机车轮成形过程。合理设计热轧变形工艺参数,保证辐板成形形状,精确设计各部分尺寸余量,从而使这种具有异常形状辐板的车轮加工成形。     

高速轮对空心轴式转向架驱动制动单元系统分析

系统地分析了高速轮对双空心轴式动力车转向架驱动制动单元的组成、结构特点及悬挂方式,对转向架运行过程中单元的运动情况作了详细的计算分析,证明了这种新型驱动方式在实现牵引电机体悬的同时,能够满足高速动力车转向架运动关系的要求。     

发展大运量低动力作用的轨轮运输系统

根据我国的实际条件及我国铁路的现状,应积极开展轮轨关系的研究, 在我国发展大运量低动力作用的轮轨运输系统,以尽可能少的投入,确 保铁路运能的不断提高及行车安全。文中并用系统工程的观点,对我国 轮软系统研究中的一些主要问题进行了分析。      

单个轮对通过曲线轨道混沌现象的研究

通过分析传统车辆横向振动建模的不足,提出了建立轮对横向振动的非线性动态模型.给出了应用于单个轮对数字建模的具体实例,并提供了相应算例及仿真结果,分析了系统的准周期解及混沌.