强风中高速列车空气动力学性能

基于三维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程、k-ε两方程湍流模型, 采用有限体积法对速度为200 km·h^-1的CRH-2动车组在强风环境下运行的空气动力学行为进行了数值模拟, 分析了偏航角对列车整车及其各部分的流场结构和气动力的影响, 研究了气动力的组成。研究发现: 列车的流场结构非常复杂, 侧风情况下列车的背风面区域和尾部区域都会产生漩涡, 漩涡的产生与从列车表面的脱离的位置随偏航角的变化而变化; 整车、头车、中间车和尾车的气动力大小以及组成均不相同; 压力场与侧力、升力沿列车纵向的变化情况基本相同, 且都比较复杂。分析结果表明: 压力主要对侧力和升力影响较大, 由于采用了流线型设计, 阻力主要来自空气的粘性力, 即摩擦力; 侧风情况下头车的侧力和倾覆力矩要明显大于其他部分, 此时头车的安全性降低。     

填砂路基击实标准的探讨

通过大量的试验对比分析,论证了采用相对密度法取得的最大干密度作为填砂路基密实度检测标准的可行性和合理性,为填砂路基压实度检测提供了依据。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

风暴中船舶安全池破损问题

选用实际在航货船船型,运用理论和模型试验相结合的方法确定非线性横摇运动方程各系数,研究了随机波浪和随机风中船舶安全池的破损问题.引入定量分析方法,考虑扰动波谱(例如ITTC谱)对安全池破损的影响以及脉动风速谱的作用,进一步揭示了安全池破损的内在机理及影响因素.本文认为,计算安全池时应选择合适的扰动波谱,风速脉动特性的影响是不能忽略的.     

冬季中日航线上中小型船舶的安全航行

冬季的中日航线主要受两类天气系统的影响一类是来自大陆的强冷空气的影响;另一类是温带气旋的影响。本文主要讨论冬季在该航线上的中小型船舶如何避开强风,保证航行安全。     

风成波浪与堤岸相互作用的综述

洪水期湖区风成波浪对堤岸有巨大的破坏作用，湖区风成波浪与堤岸的相互作用机理的研究对于修建一个能抵御洪水和风浪共同作用的堤岸具有现实意义。本文主要对国内外学者关于风浪产生机理、风浪与堤岸相互作用引起的增减水、波浪爬高及越浪等进行了归纳和总结。     

沙漠铁路勘察设计中主导风向的判断方法

研究目的:我国有很多铁路穿过沙漠地区,为了保证铁路的安全运营,各种防沙工程必不可少。在防沙工程勘察设计中,主导风向的判断尤为重要。现实中,很多沙漠铁路穿越的无人区气象资料不够全面,不能反映防沙工程设计地段的主导风向。本文讨论的通过分析铁路沿线沙丘形态判断主导风向的方法可以为气象资料缺乏地区的防风防沙工程设计提供帮助。研究结论:总结了一种通过分析沙丘形态判断主导风向的方法。在确定沙丘类型及沙丘走向的基础上,判定主导风向一般为从比较缓的迎风坡吹向比较陡的落沙坡。以塔克拉玛干沙漠为例说明并验证了本方法的可行性,可为新建沙漠铁路和铁路防沙工程勘察提供很好的帮助。另外,沙丘形态的塑造还受风速大小的影响,其中的详细关系有待深入研究。     

高速列车模型风洞试验的模拟方法研究

通过对1∶20的一节半车编组的高速列车带路基轨道模型进行风洞试验研究,研究路基前端和两侧斜坡的结构与尺寸、车厢间隙和轮轨间隙对高速列车模型风洞试验结果的影响规律,获得满足高速列车模型风洞试验要求的模拟方式。研究结果表明:在高速列车模型风洞试验中,当模拟路基时,路基前端伸出车头的长度应不小于3倍的车身宽度,路基前端和两侧的斜坡坡度应不大于35°;当采用多车编组时,1∶20模型的相邻2节车厢间隙应不大于5 mm,车轮下表面与轨道上表面的间隙应不大于4 mm。     

自升式风电安装船桩腿强度分析和优化

近年来,随着国内海上风电行业的蓬勃发展,市场对自升式风电安装船的需求日益迫切。桩腿是影响自升式风电安装船作业安全性的关键环节,桩腿设计也是自升式风电安装船的关键技术难点之一;而海上风电场的选址逐渐向离岸更远、水深更大的方向发展,客观上也对桩腿适应更恶劣海况条件的能力提出了更高要求。本文结合近年来多型自升式风电安装船桩腿设计经验,分析研究了桩腿总强度计算和优化的过程,及其与海况环境、作业条件、可变载荷等参数之间的相关性,为自升式风电安装船的桩腿设计提供了有效方法。