随机响应约束下的桁架结构拓扑优化

研究随机响应约束下的桁架结构拓扑优化问题具有重要的工程应用前景.文章采用自适应遗传算法(AGA)求解了随机响应约束下的桁架结构拓扑优化问题.通过引入海明距离生成高质量的初始种群、采用自适应的交叉和变异算子以及对适应度函数进行线性标定这三个步骤改进了遗传算法的搜索效率以及收敛性.在拓扑优化列式中考虑杆件以及各自由度的拓扑变量以精确地模拟优化过程中杆件和结点的删除.建立了随机载荷作用下结构均方响应的表达式,并以此作为拓扑优化问题的约束条件.另外,提出了一些启发式算法来引导杆件和结点的删除.最后,通过对随机激励下的二维桁架以及三维桁架进行拓扑优化计算,证明了本文方法的实用性和有效性.     

大跨度提篮式人行拱桥的振动病害分析与改造

针对柔性桥面系动力性能不佳,在行人步伐荷载作用下振动过大,甚至可能发生人桥共振的问题,对一实例桥梁进行自振特性分析,提出提篮式拱桥的前几阶竖向自振频率主要由拱肋性能决定,竖向高阶频率主要由桥面系性能决定,提高桥面系刚度不能有效错开行人步频和结构竖向自振频率,但能有效地减弱动力响应,提高桥梁的使用性能和安全性。根据此类桥梁的这一动力特性,可以有效地诊断出其振动病害并寻求合理的改造加固措施,通常有增加桥面系刚度或增设耗能减振系统两种方法,后者更有效,也可以将这两种方法结合使用。动力响应分析法能有效地进行人行桥振动病害分析和加固前后动力性能对比分析。     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

沉管隧道基槽爆破开挖作用下邻近地铁隧道力学响应

为确保邻近地铁隧道在沉管隧道基槽爆破开挖过程的安全性,通过现场实测评价地铁隧道运营现状,借助数值分析法探索地铁隧道对沉管基槽爆破开挖的力学响应特征,并制定既有隧道结构的安全判据和沉管基槽爆破振动安全距离。研究表明： 既有地铁区间隧道现状累计最大沉降为1.89 mm,近半年最大沉降速率为0.01 mm/d,均小于规范规定的控制值,隧道结构现状处于稳定状态;沉管隧道基槽爆破振动引起的地铁隧道结构最大振速为0.359 cm/s,远小于振速安全阈值（2.0 cm/s）,说明地铁结构受爆破振动影响较小,且爆破振动的安全距离为25 m; 基槽开挖应力扰动后引起的地铁隧道累计最大沉降为3.16 mm,小于位移预警值,隧道结构处于稳定状态。     

准饱和土中单桩竖向荷载作用下的动力响应

根据Biot饱和多孔连续介质波动方程,基于Bardet对准饱和土的假设,提出了准饱和土二相介质波动方程;运用Helmholtz矢量分解和传递、透射矩阵法(TRM)推导出准饱和土中层状半空间受竖向荷载作用下的动力响应表达式;利用Muki虚拟桩法,在层状半空间建立了桩和准饱和土相互作用的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过离散的数值积分方法求解积分方程,讨论了准饱和土中单桩竖向动力响应问题.算例分析表明,准饱和土中桩顶竖向阻抗随饱和度的减少而增大,与饱和土地基相比,明显偏大;桩侧孔压随饱和度的减小而增大,并沿着桩长迅速衰减;桩顶位移幅值在频率较小时变化明显,饱和度越小,位移峰值越大,当频率较大时,饱和度的变化对振幅的影响不大.     

增压汽油机不同排气歧管长度下的压力波动特性

利用台架试验数据校准了增压直喷汽油机一维性能仿真模型,应用校准后的模型研究了低速(1 500r/min)全负荷工况不同排气歧管长度下排气阀口与涡轮机入口处的压力波动特性,并对压力波动形态与低速增压压力的建立、瞬态响应、缸内充气效率等的关联性进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:在现有排气歧管结构形式下,在低转速宜采用较短歧管,从而有望获得更高的增压压力和扭矩;相继工作的气缸不宜在涡轮机前共用一根排气总管,否则容易引起废气倒流,而且歧管越短倒流越严重;排气歧管中的压力波在传向涡轮机入口过程中被"均值化",不能充分应用排气压力波动效应来提高低速扭矩和改善增压延迟。     

Experimental study on the nonlinear pressure acting on a high-speed vessel in regular waves

It is well known that the hydrodynamic responses of a high-speed vessel traveling in regular head waves of even moderate wave height can show significant nonlinear behavior, and so linear statistical techniques become insufficient for predicting the statistics of responses in irregular waves. On the other hand, it has been shown that an approximate third-order Volterra model is applicable to handling the statistics of some nonlinear seakeeping problems, such as motions and vertical hull girder loads. In the present study, the focus is on the nonlinear behavior of the pressure responses of the hull surface, especially on the pressures acting on alternately wet and dry areas near the waterline and on the bow zone with high deadrise angles that may be subject to slight impact and water pile-up effects. To clarify the validity of applying Volterra modeling to this problem, a series of experiments in regular and irregular head waves were carried out, and approximate third-order and fifth-order Volterra models with the proposed algorithm for finding frequency response functions (FRFs) were applied as a means of validation. In the present article, the first part of the validation was performed using experimental data in regular waves. It was confirmed that the third-order Volterra model has adequate accuracy to simulate deterministically the variation of pressure responses in regular waves of different wave steepness up to a wave amplitude to wavelength ratio of 0.01 even for the highly nonlinear pressures acting on the above-mentioned areas of the hull surface.     

A consideration of the structural design of a large-scale floating structure

The land area of Japan, especially flat land, is very small compared with its economic size. Large-scale floating structures are one solution to satisfy the demand for space by utilizing the ocean. This paper presents a general view of the dynamic response characteristics of large-scale floating structures, pontoons and semi-submersibles. For example, it is shown that the natural frequencies of eigenmodes are higher than the natural frequency of heaving motion. The response of the outer framework of a structure is shown to be generally larger than the response of the central part. Within the limits of our present understanding of the general dynamic response characteristics of such structures, the design and analysis of semi-submersible, large-scale floating structures is discussed. For a pontoon-type large-scale floating structure, a type whose perimeter structure has been modified to become lighter and more rigid is proposed. With this modification, the dynamic response of the whole structure is imporved.     

集装箱船振动及响应分析

介绍了模态频率响应有限元计算方法的基本理论,以多用途集装箱船为目标船,通过建立全船三维有限元模型,用频率响应法得到船体结构的振动响应.文中还讨论了激励与响应关系、水动质量、阻尼、频率响应计算有效频率数选取等问题,以精确预报船体结构振动及响应.本文采用的分析计算方法对目标船结构振动及响应预报值,与实船试验数据具有很好的一致性.     

轨道结构落轴冲击动态响应有限元分析

通过确定落轴冲击问题的轮轨接触条件,根据接触冲击响应的虚位移原理,将轮轨接触边界条件用罚函数法释放,确立轮轨接触变分方程;采用点面接触单元导出轮轨接触有限元控制方程,进一步建立轨道结构动力有限元方程,从而可模拟计算落轴冲击对轨道结构产生的动态响应。基于该分析方法,求解了弹性支承块轨道结构的动力性能,并由现场实测得到验证。结果表明,运用所建立的落轴冲击有限元计算模型分析轨道结构动力性能,直观有效。