How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

离线船舶机电设备振动采集仪系统设计

设计了离线振动采集仪的硬件系统,通过对传感器电源模块的进行了节电控制设计,优化振动信号的采集策略和采集节奏,提出了振动信号数据处理和存储方法,实现了无人关注下自主对船舶机电设备振动信号连续近百天的采集任务。应用结果显示,采集仪系统结果准确可靠,实现了全工况的实船振动数据的采集设备。     

浮式储存及再气化装置(FSRU)码头特点及其设计要点

随着LNG调峰需求日益增强,FSRU码头作为一种灵活有效的方案受到青睐。但我国仅有一个FSRU码头,鲜有相关研究。总结FSRU码头特点,系统展现FSRU码头的4种类型;结合某17万m3FSRU船,与常规LNG码头的平面设计进行对比,详细论述FSRU码头设计要点。结果表明,FSRU码头具有选址相对容易、建设周期短、建造投资少、运营灵活等优点;设计要点包含确定项目产品要求、确定FSRU船舶参数、工作平台、靠船墩和系缆墩的布置设计等方面。     

船舶动力定位系统

船舶动力定位技术在航运业具有举足轻重的地位.介绍动力定位技术的发展历史,系统的结构组成、工作原理和工作模式,提出了动力定位技术的研究热点.     

弹性工作制和动态停车收费组合策略研究

提出弹性工作制与动态停车收费的组合管理策略,探究组合策略下,出行分布的变化机理及动态停车收费费率的制定,以达到缓解通勤拥堵的目的. 构建双层规划模型建立动态停车收费费率的制定与多用户出行选择的相互作用关系,基于灵敏度分析的下降算法求解. 仿真模拟出不同弹性工作制规模时,均衡状态下多用户出行分布模式和优化的动态收费费率. 结果表明,组合策略能促使弹性与非弹性员工错峰出行,有效分散交通流,与单一策略相比,缓解路网拥堵的效果更好.研究成果为交通管理优化策略的制定提供了新思路.     

运输船电力负荷计算探讨

文章对电力负荷计算的计算方法、计算工况、设备本身功率的选取、计算表中涉及的相关系数的确定等四个方面的问题进行探讨,分别阐述了它们对电站配置的重要影响,并提出了合理配置电站的基本思考原则。     

收费公路中相关法律问题的研究

收费公路是我国公路在新的建设环境下的产物,其在我国的发展过程中存在着很多问题,为解决这些问题。就必须提高收费公路制度的法律层次,完善收费公路的法律法规。     

多端点不成对机车周转图模型与算法

针对不成对列车运行图编制,在考虑最优性的要求条件下,本文提出适用于多端点不成对机车周转图的实用三步算法,即,首先确定机车交路成对时部分初始解,再分别确定每一个尚未匹配到达车次初始附挂方案,最后进行结果优化．文末提供一个算例,算例证明算法有效。     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

一种特殊工况下的船闸施工工艺介绍

以上海赵家沟船闸工程为例,提出不同于传统的新型船闸施工工艺流程。将深基坑支护施工技术与船闸施工技术有机结合,并采取若干工艺改进。新工艺解决了在城市环境下特殊工况船闸施工的难题。