舰用柴油机建模方法综述

作为舰船动力系统的关键部件,柴油机是一个很复杂的系统,它的稳态和动态性能分析、控制必须借助于建模和计算机仿真.文章总结了目前国内外柴油机建模的主要方法,并对各种方法进行了分析和比较.     

"先刑后民"原则的实践困境及其理论破解

"先刑后民"原则在我国现实司法中遭遇实践困境,进而在学理上遭到普遍的合理性质疑.为此,需要澄清几个观念上的误区一则"先刑后民"原则在内涵上包括位阶上和位序上的优先性,二则并非我国所独有,而是一项具有普适性的司法原则;三则"先刑后民"原则的价值基础并非旨在彰显"公权优先"的价值理念,而是重在刑、民程序冲突的理性解决.同时,还应当在制度层面上加强对刑事被害人民事权利的保障一是以程序选择权为基础改造我国的刑事附带民事诉讼;二是加强刑事诉讼与民事诉讼程序之间的衔接适用;三是积极构建滥用程序的制裁机制,防止当事人恶意启动程序.     

牵引变压器差动保护装置误动作统计与对策

牵引变压器是牵引供电系统中重要的电气设备,它的安全运行直接关系到电气化铁道安全稳定的工作.本文在对牵引变压器差动保护误动作行为统计分析的基础上,总结差动保护装置误动作跳闸的原因,并提出了相应的解决对策.     

地震作用对盾构隧道管片张开量的影响及预测北大核心CSCD

为探索地震作用对盾构隧道管片张开量的影响,借助数值分析软件,分析典型工程在不同方向地震作用下管片张开量的分布规律。基于计算结果,对地震加速度与地震引起的管片张开量进行归一化处理,结合现有的管片张开量计算公式,提出了不同埋深隧道在地震作用下管片最大张开量预测方法。研究表明:地震作用对盾构管片环缝张开量有显著的影响,管片最大张开量的最大增幅为16%,平均张开量的最大增幅为27%;地震烈度为8度以下的区域,在静、动荷载作用下,盾构隧道管片抗震加固范围主要在工作井附近3~5环;地震烈度为8度及以上的高地震烈度区,应沿隧道轴向对环缝接头进行抗震加固。与数值计算结果对比表明,提出的考虑地震作用的管片最大张开量计算方法具备一定合理性。     

新民岷江特大桥静动载试验研究

采用等效荷载加载试验模拟大跨度连续钢构桥在最不利荷载作用下的工作状态,测试并分析各静载工况下的主梁挠度、主梁与主墩控制截面应力,判断实际承载能力,评价其在设计使用荷载下的工作性能。通过动力试验了解桥跨结构的自振特性及其在长期使用荷载作用下的动力性能,分析桥跨结构在行车下的冲击作用,预测桥梁运营状况,为桥梁维修、管理提供技术依据。     

An analysis of airport–airline vertical relationships with risk sharing contracts under asymmetric information structures

We analyze the double moral hazard problem at the joint venture type airport–airline vertical relationship, where two parties both contribute efforts to the joint venture but neither of them can see the other’s efforts. With the continuous-time stochastic dynamic programming model, we show that by the de-centralized utility maximizations of two parties under very strict conditions, i.e., optimal efforts’ cost being negligible and their risk averse parameters both asymptotically approaching to zero, the vertical contract could be agreed as the optimal sharing rule, which is the linear function of the final state with the slope being the product of their productivity difference and uncertainty (diffusion rate) level index.If both parties’ productivities are same, or the diffusion rate of the underlying process is unity, optimal linear sharing rule do not depend on the final state. If their conditions not dependent on final state are symmetric as well, then risk sharing disappears completely. In numerical examples, we illustrate the complex impact of uncertainty increase and end-of-period load factor improvement on the optimal sharing rule, and the relatively simple impact on total utility levels.     

The politics of collective public participation in transportation decision-making

Citizen involvement in transportation planning is typically modeled on a liberal democracy in which individuals express their preferences about a project. In this paper we present an analysis based on interviews with stakeholders whose involvement was grounded in a complementary model of public participation, one in which an organized community used collective action (instead of only individual expression), and worked both within and outside of the formal public involvement process to influence the design of an arterial highway in their neighborhood. This case reflects a commonplace context for public participation: residents opposing a highway expansion and the negative effects of heavy traffic in neighborhoods. The problem presented in this case is that the process for citizen involvement was not designed to fully utilize the community’s collective capacity. Three aspects of collective action—representation, the ability to shape a policy agenda, and methods of engagement—were contested in the public participation process. We argue that these conflicts around collective action in the public participation process exposed its “one-way communication,” and enabled a different kind of political process in which neighbors’ organizing was powerful and influenced decisions.     

长白山区几种野生浆果营养成分及延缓衰老作用

目的　研究越桔、山葡萄、软枣猕猴桃等长白山区主要野生浆果的营养成分及延缓衰老作用。方法　测定野果中维生素B1、B2 、C、烟酸、β 胡萝卜素及钙、铁、锌等矿物质含量。老年Wistar大鼠分别按 3g·kg-1、6g·kg-1以野果汁灌胃 30d,测定红细胞及肝脏SOD、全血GSH Px活性、血清MDA与脑、心组织中脂褐质含量。结果　野果中维生素B1、B2 、C、β 胡萝卜素及钙、铁、锌等含量显著高于常用栽培果品 ,老年大鼠按 6g·kg-1野果汁灌胃 30d后 ,红细胞及肝脏SOD、全血GSH Px活性显著增高 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,血清MDA及脑、心组织中脂褐质含量则显著降低 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论　 3种野果中富含维生素和矿物质 ,其果汁能显著提高老年大鼠体内抗氧化酶类活性 ,降低脂质过氧化作用 ,延缓衰老进程     

社会行动、社会事实与社会学的起点——一种方法论的再探讨

基于对迪尔凯姆的《社会学方法的准则》、《自杀论》的重新解读，本文揭示了社会学理论体系的逻辑起点与研究起点合二为一的困境，进而找出限制当代社会学解释空间的方法论原因。社会学的研究必须区分研究起点与逻辑起点。其中，逻辑起点是社会行动者的行动；研究起点则是由个体行动与社会环境的互动所构成的社会事实。这一区分能够实现社会学研究方法论上科学主义与人文主义、整体主义与个体主义的超越和整合。     

氨氯地平的心肌电生理作用及对触发活动的影响

目的　观察新的钙拮抗剂———氨氯地平对心肌快反应动作电位和触发活动的影响。方法　采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录方法观察不同浓度氨氯地平对豚鼠心肌快反应动作电位及异丙肾上腺素诱发的早期后除极和哇巴因诱发的延迟后除极及触发活动的作用。实验在同一细胞完成对照和药理作用。结果　氨氯地平10 μmol·L-1对动作电位时程明显缩短 (n =6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,用药前后APA、Vmax、ERP、DP3无变化 ;2 5 μmol·L-1氨氯地平可抑制异丙肾上腺素和哇巴因诱发的触发活动。结论　氨氯地平对异丙肾上腺素和哇巴因诱发的触发活动有一定的对抗作用 ,其机理与钙拮抗有关。