地铁车站下穿既有铁路站场咽喉区的施工方案及防护措施

西安地铁火车站站下穿铁路站场咽喉区,施工难度高。分析了全明挖、分离岛-先隧后站大盾构、分离岛-先隧后站矿山法等三种施工方案。经比选分离岛-先隧后站矿山法施工方案最优。详细介绍了地面铁路股道及岔道加固措施,并阐述了深孔注浆加固地层、大管棚+超前注浆小导管等CRD(交叉中隔墙)法开挖等辅助措施。在项目施工期间,通过自动化监测系统进行全面细监控,并通过协调联动机制共享监控量测信息,针对监测预警信息,及时采取增加垫片及补充道砟等措施,既保证了国有铁路的行车安全,又保证了地铁施工的顺利进行,验证了施工方案的可行性。     

基于分段学习模型的自动驾驶行为决策算法研究

在具有车道线的特定自动驾驶场景中,针对目前端到端的行为决策算法直接输入原始图像进行决策导致的网络模型迁移性差、预测精度欠佳、泛化能力不足等问题,提出一种基于分段学习模型的车辆自动驾驶行为决策算法。首先,基于GoogLeNet建立一种端到端的车道线检测网络模型,并引入车道中心线作为决策的重要线索提高算法的迁移能力,同时利用YOLOv3目标检测模型对本车道内前方最近障碍物进行位置检测;而后,经几何测量模型将两者检测结果转换成环境状态信息向量为决策做支撑;最后,构建基于长短期记忆(LSTM)网络的驾驶行为决策模型,根据编码的历史状态信息刻画出动态环境中车辆的运动模式,并结合当前时刻的状态推理得到驾驶行为参量。使用建立的真实驾驶场景数据集对模型分别进行训练、验证与测试,离线测试结果显示车道线检测模型的检测位置误差小于1.3%,车道内前方障碍物检测模型的检测精度达98%以上,驾驶行为决策网络模型表征预测优度的决定系数 大于0.7。为进一步验证算法的有效性,搭建了Simulink/PreScan联合仿真平台,多种工况下的仿真验证试验中多个评价指标均达到工程精度要求,实车测试的试验结果也表明该算法可实现复杂驾驶场景下平稳、准确无偏航的预测效果并满足实时性要求,且与传统端到端模式的算法相比,具有更好的迁移性和泛化能力。     

基于Top-Hat-Canny的汽车前视摄像头图像边缘检测方法研究

针对汽车前视摄像头(Forward View Camera)拍摄存在噪声及光照不均匀的问题,提出一种基于顶帽算法TopHat Canny的多重边缘检测图像预处理方法。通过对前视摄像头拍摄的道路行人、车辆及障碍物的图片进行分析,采用小波阈值算法分别对彩色图像(Red-Green-Blue,RGB)3个空间分量进行滤波去噪,并经加权平均法对重组的3个分量灰度化处理后,采用Top-Hat-Canny多重边缘检测方法对图像进行处理。实验仿真结果表明:该方法可以有效地解决噪声及光照不均对图像边缘检测带来的影响,为后续目标识别工作提供基础。     

公路工程试验检测费用组成与成本分析探讨

针对目前公路工程试验检测费用取费标准,结合实际,运用建筑工程通用的费用分析方法,探索性地研究和提出了公路工程试验检测费用分析的依据、组成、内容和方法。     

Travel mode estimation for multi-modal journey planner

For route planning and tracking, it is sometimes necessary to know if the user is walking or using some other mode of transport. In most cases, the GPS data can be acquired from the user device. It is possible to estimate user’s transportation mode based on a GPS trace at a sampling rate of once per minute. There has been little prior work on the selection of a set of features from a large number of proposed features, especially for sparse GPS data. This article considers characteristics of distribution, auto- and cross-correlations, and spectral features of speed and acceleration as possible features, and presents an approach to selecting the most significant, non-correlating features from among those. Both speed and acceleration are inferred from changes in location and time between data points. Using GPS traces of buses in the city of Tampere, and of walking, biking and driving from the OpenStreetMap and Microsoft GeoLife projects, spectral bins were found to be among the most significant non-correlating features for differentiating between walking, bicycle, bus and driving, and were used to train classifiers with a fair accuracy. Auto- and cross-correlations, kurtoses and skewnesses were found to be of no use in the classification task. Useful features were found to have a fairly large (>0.4) correlation with each other.     

GRAVINER Mark6 OMD监控与管理技术研究

文章针对GRAVINER Mark6 OMD调试和维护管理困难等问题,分析其系统结构、新技术特点,并提出了管理与维护方法及失效时导致曲轴箱爆炸事故处理办法,对船舶机电调试及管理工作有一定的参考意义。     

The Economics of Using Ocean Observing Systems to Improve Beach Closure Policy

Beach closure policies in the United States suffers from two shortcomings. Type I errors, in which clean beaches are closed, results when managers resort to extensive beach closures because they are unsure of the spatial extent of water contamination. Type II errors, in which contaminated beaches remain open, occur because the time from sampling to public notification can be between two and nine days. Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (COOS) could reduce the impact of both Type I and II errors. The COOS could reduce the spatial extent of beach closures by better predicting the fate of contaminants in coastal waters. An improved COOS also could reduce the time from sampling to public notification of contamination events. I estimate the lost recreational value associated with Type I errors (unnecessary closures) and the public health costs associated with Type II errors (unnecessary exposure to waterborne illnesses) for beaches in Southern California.     

浅谈混凝土桥梁火灾后检测评估要点

结合某座桥梁火灾后的情况,具体阐述了火灾后桥梁的检测评估内容、过程及注意要点,为规范类似桥梁结构火灾后的检测鉴定工作提供借鉴及参考.     

大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管上跨施工对运营地铁隧道变形的影响分析

以川大停车场下穿人民南路地下人行通道矩形顶管隧道工程为依托,采用数值模拟方法对大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管隧道上跨地铁运营区间隧道所引起的地铁隧道变形进行全过程分析研究,并将模拟结果与现场监测数据进行对比,验证模型的合理性。主要结论如下： 1）顶管法隧道上跨施工引发的既有地铁隧道竖向变形受前期掌子面支护压力影响较大,随着开挖面的推进,开挖卸载效应逐渐占据主导地位; 2）地铁隧道横向位移受顶管隧道掌子面支护压力和开挖卸载效应的共同影响,且地铁隧道管片衬砌上半断面的横向位移对掌子面支护压力极为敏感。     

琼州海峡铁路跨海隧道全寿命风险评价

为研究琼州海峡铁路跨海隧道工程建设的可行性以及合理的隧道工程线位、施工工法,以琼州海峡铁路跨海隧道工程预研阶段设计方案为研究对象,从隧道工程建设全寿命角度对设计方案进行风险识别和分析。通过专家调查表方式收集中线盾构法、西线盾构法和西线沉管法3种方案在建设条件、结构设计、工程施工及运营管理阶段的风险评价基础数据,利用模糊层次综合评价法对专家调查表统计结果进行分析,建立模糊评价模型和模糊评价矩阵计算风险评价结果。根据风险评价结果和专家建议,从预研阶段设计方案中选出中线和西线盾构隧道方案为推荐方案。最后结合琼州海峡铁路跨海隧道工程条件,从地质勘查处理、结构设计优化和工程施工措施3方面,提出控制和降低盾构法方案重大风险的建议和措施。