碳纤维复合材料与铝合金连接方式选型研究

多材料混合车身设计是汽车轻量化的重要手段,其中铝和碳纤维的连接是轻量化车身结构设计和工艺装配面临的挑战.研究了SPR、FDR、抽芯铆钉3种连接方式及结构胶应用于碳纤维复合材料和铝合金异种材料的连接,测定了连接结构的剪切和十字拉伸性能,分析了连接方式和结构胶对力学性能和失效模式的影响,旨在指导碳纤维复合材料连接设计与选择...     

汽车用碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

在采用正交设计优化碳纤维复合摩阻材料的基础上，针对汽车制动器衬片的实际工况，研究了碳纤维复合摩阻材料的摩擦磨损特性及磨损机制分析了碳纤维含量、强度及表面状态等对磨损机制的影响。研究结果表明，碳纤维复合摩阻材料的磨损性能、工作寿命及抗热衰退性能均明显高于传统的石棉摩阻材料。     

高速公路炭质页（泥）岩路堤变形特性研究

文章依托六寨至河池高速公路项目,介绍了炭质页岩的工程特性、化学组成及物理力学性质,研究了复杂应力条件下炭质页岩路堤的湿化变形特性,并提出了相应的技术参数选取要点和变形控制措施。     

高速铁路生命周期碳排放计算方法

基于生命周期评价理论,对高速铁路生命周期二氧化碳排放计算的边界进行界定,将高速铁路的生命周期划分为基础设施建造、运营和回收3个阶段;根据对各阶段高速铁路二氧化碳排放清单的分析,分别给出各个阶段二氧化碳排放的计算式;通过算例分析了高速铁路在建造和运营阶段碳排放的特点.分析和数值计算结果表明,虽然在高速铁路基础设施建设过程中由于大量建设材料和高能耗施工机械的使用,使得高速铁路建造阶段的二氧化碳排放量相对较多;但是,由于高速铁路具有节约能源、节省土地和货运增量替代效应等特点,使得高速铁路进入运营阶段后二氧化碳的排放量大幅度减少,即从生命周期全过程来看,高速铁路具有较好的减排效果.     

Decouple transport CO2 emissions from China’s economic expansion: A temporal-spatial analysis

China’s transport industry is energy intensive and high-polluting. While with the surging urbanization and the development of service industry, China’s economic relies more and more on the transport sector. Therefore, exploring the relationship between transport energy-related carbon emission (TECE) and economic development is crucial to the realization of China’s “Post Paris” mitigation target. The paper carries out a decoupling research between TECE and Gross domestic product (GDP) at both national level and province level based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis with the extended Kaya identity and Tapio decoupling model. The model quantifies eight factors’ effects on the relationship with focusing on external macro socio-economic related factors (i.e., spatial pattern, urbanization, per capita service industry output value, reciprocal of the service industry’s share of GDP, and demographic variable) successfully. The key conclusions are indicated as follows: (1) the national decoupling status was extensive coupling during 2004–2010 and then weak decoupling during 2010–2016. The progress can be attributed to the decline of energy intensity. (2) Per capita service output was always the prominent factor to promote carbon emissions growth in different time periods and provinces with inhibiting the advancement of decoupling process, followed by urbanization. (3) Scenario analysis shows that with the continuous growth of traffic demand and the promotion of urbanization, improving energy efficiency has become the key link to realize the decoupling between China’s TECE and its economy.     

CFRP圆柱螺旋弹簧强度预测理论及仿真

针对实心结构形式的碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)圆柱螺旋弹簧进行了建模分析,明确了相关的设计参数,提出了碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的强度预测理论,并进行了算例分析.将理论预测结果与仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明,理论预测值与仿真值的误差较小,该预测理论可用于碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的强度设计中.     

CFRP加固损伤钢板的拉伸及疲劳性能研究

文章基于Dugdale模型理论提出CFRP加固含裂纹钢板加固量的计算方法。通过虚拟裂纹闭合法建立模型来模拟塑性钢板的破坏过程,并完成相关试验,验证了CFRP加固含裂纹钢板有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度取值的有效性。同时利用Paris公式预估疲劳寿命,并结合相关试验数据,探究了CFRP加固对含裂纹钢板疲劳寿命的提高作用。研究表明,有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度的理论取值有效;通过CFRP双侧加固竖裂纹、斜裂纹钢板构件可分别使其疲劳寿命得到显著提高。     

Surface CO2 measurements in the English Channel and Southern Bight of North Sea using voluntary observing ships

Ships of opportunity have been used to investigate ocean–atmosphere CO₂ fluxes in the English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Continuous underway measurements of the fugacity of seawater carbon dioxide (fCO₂^sw), chlorophyll, temperature and salinity have been performed along 26 transects during the spring and autumn periods. The spatial fCO₂^sw distribution along the Channel and Southern Bight is modulated by the photosynthetic activity, temperature changes and water mixing between inputs from the North Atlantic Ocean and riverine discharges. The seasonal variability of fCO₂^sw is assessed and discussed in terms of the biology and temperature effects, these having similar impacts. The variation of fCO₂^sw shows similar interannual patterns, with lower values in spring. The annual average of air–sea CO₂ fluxes places the English Channel as neutral area of CO₂ uptake. The spring and autumn data allow differentiating between distal and proximal continental areas. The Southern Bight shows a tendency towards net CO₂ uptake on the distal continental shelf, whereas the Scheldt and Thames Plumes show a CO₂ source behaviour on the proximal continental shelves.     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.