铁路沿线风吹雪灾害及其防治研究

新疆精—伊铁路经过的风吹雪灾害多发区最大风速平均值为14 0m·s-1,30年一遇的最大风速与最大积雪深度分别为20 3m·s-1和160cm,平均冬季降水量153 2mm。在风吹雪多发区,铁路风吹雪灾害的主要类型是路堑型风吹雪沉积,其次是低填路堤型风吹雪沉积。路堤低、路堤边坡平缓,路面上易发生风吹雪沉积;路堑边坡的角度越小、路堑越深、路堑走向与主导风向的夹角越小,风吹雪沉积越不易发生。在风吹雪害多发区,铁路路堤设计的适宜高度为200～1500cm。风吹雪的防治应以设防风吹雪走廊和下导风板为主,并辅以侧导板和挡雪墙等。     

遇难船舶漂流轨迹预测技术

概观了国内外有关海上搜救以及遇难船舶漂流轨迹预测技术研究的现状。在综合考察相关研究成果的基础上,探讨了在既往的漂流轨迹预测系统里追加波浪所引起的漂流速度成分,以提高漂流轨迹预测的精度。     

Distribution of drifting seaweeds in eastern East China Sea

In offshore waters with relatively low primary production, drifting seaweeds composed of Sargassum species form an identical ecosystem such as an oasis in desert. Commercially important pelagic fishes such as jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) and yellow tail (Seriola quinqueradiata) spawn in East China Sea pass their juvenile period accompanying drifting seaweeds. Therefore drifting seaweeds are very important not only in offshore ecosystem but also fishery resources. However the distribution of drifting seaweeds in East China Sea has scarcely known. Then we conducted two research cruises of R/V Hakuho–Maru in May 2002 and in March 2004. During the cruises, drifting seaweeds were visually observed from the bridge and sampled with a towing net. The observation revealed that the drifting seaweeds were distributed along the front between the Kuroshio Current and coastal waters and mainly composed of one seaweed species, Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh from spring to early summer. There are no reports on geographical distribution of this species in the coasts south of southern Kyushu Island in Japan. Kuroshio Current flows northeastward there. Buoys with GPS attached to drifting seaweeds released off Zhejiang Province, China, in March 2005 to track their transport. Their positions monitored by ORBCOM satellite showed that they were transported to the area in East China Sea, where the drifting seaweeds were observed during the cruises, in 2 months. These facts suggest that S. horneri detached from Chinese coast in March or months earlier than March could be transported to fringe area of continental shelf and waters influenced by Kuroshio Current from March to May. Therefore the Sargassum forests, especially S. horneri, along the Chinese coast play a very important role in the ecosystem of the East China Sea as a source of drifting seaweeds.