杭州湾大桥北航道桥结构优化研究

应用三维空间有限元模型,进行斜拉桥结构优化设计。利用有限元法进行结构分析,求出优化所需的状态变量,挠度、应力和频率。综合考虑设计变量、状态变量和目标函数的联系,应用混合罚函数建立优化模型。运用一阶优化计算方法和引入灵敏度分析进行算法优化,使结构在应力、变形和频率等约束条件下达到最小造价。以通用有限元软件ANSYS作为平台,编制相应程序,综合考虑斜拉桥结构静力性能和动力性能,用两种不同方案对杭州湾大桥北航道桥主桥进行结构优化设计,使全桥造价分别降低9 1%和5 5%。     

车辆—轨道系统高中低频动力学模型的理论特征及其应用范围的研究

针对铁路在提速和高速发展中碰到的车辆—轨道系统的结构磨损加剧、关键部件疲劳破坏和噪声等问题,提出必须进行车辆—轨道系统高中低频范围的动力学模型研究。根据激扰的差异及其波长范围,针对车辆—轨道系统动力学在低频、中频和高频3个范围内存在问题的性质,建立符合研究要求的车辆模型、轨道模型和轮轨接触模型,并采用合理的数学方法求解。认为以车辆—轨道系统的频率特征为基础,进行完整的车辆—轨道系统动力学研究,可以有效研究车辆—轨道系统的短时动力学和长期行为之间的关系。     

全垫升气垫船操纵运动研究

本文用大振幅平面运动机构对全垫升气垫船模型进行了约束试验，测得了作用在船上的水动力，在此基础上用计算机解气垫船操纵运动微分方程，预报气垫船的回转性能，并与实船试验的结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

船舶厨房通风空调系统的配置分析

介绍了船用厨房的设计规范,设计标准和相应的解决方法。并对厨房系统进行了分类,通过不同类型的厨房分析,采用合适的空调和通风系统。并从送/排风的方式和风量要求进行了介绍。最后从工程实际的角度上对常用的设计参数如温度,噪音,静压等参数做出了说明。     

A new generalized travel cost based connectivity metric applied to Scandinavian airports

This article proposes a new, generalized travel cost based method to operationalize network accessibility provided by airports. The approach is novel as it integrates features of network topology with multiple quality aspects of scheduled air transport services into one metric. The method estimates generalized travel costs for the full set of feasible travel paths between an airport and all network destinations. Rooftop modeling accounts for schedule delay and isolates the most cost-efficient travel paths per O-D relation. Respecting the assumed arrival time preference of passengers and adjusting for destination importance, connectivity scores are derived. The method is then applied to explore changes in the global connectivity pattern of Scandinavian airports from 2004 to 2018. The results suggest distinct spatial differences throughout the network, but less pronounced in size than suggested by popularly applied connectivity measures. Findings also highlight the importance of the geographical location as a determinate of an airport’s connectivity.     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

浅谈重卡进气系统发展趋势

随着国家对于节能减排的重视程度日益增强,相关法规对整车的排放性能、能耗水平的要求不断提高。进气系统对动力性、经济性、排放性能都有较大影响,因此进气系统的设计是否合理对整车性能能否达成有较大影响。文章以重卡进气系统为例,介绍了进气系统的作用,结构组成,近年来应用的新技术以及未来的发展趋势,文章对进气系统的设计具有一定指导作用。     

Did Chinese cities that implemented driving restrictions see reductions in PM10?

Imposing driving restrictions is becoming increasingly popular as a policy intended to control urban air pollution. Existing studies on this topic offer highly mixed observations, and each study tends to focus on only one city. In this paper, we used 11 Chinese cities with driving restrictions as the treatment group, and compared them to other cities that did not implement the policy. Based on a propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis, we found no evidence of a decrease in PM10 concentrations in cities after they implemented driving restrictions. This finding may be attributed to an increase in the number of cars in these cities after implementing driving restrictions, but we also found no evidence of an improvement in air quality for a given number of cars after implementation of the policies.     

航空货运产业关联性及临空产业体系构建研究

本文将从航空经济链条体系结构入手,运用投入产出法对航空货运业与各产业部门的关联性进行定量分析,构建以运输成本为主要影响因素的区位选择指标分析货运枢纽机场的产业带动机制。最后本文对目前我国航空货运业对国民经济的整体贡献进行评价,并提出通过航空货运业带动区域经济发展的政策建议。     

You (expect to) get what you pay for: A system approach to delay, fare, and complaints

In this paper, an analytical framework integrating delay, fare, and complaints with passenger air travel has been laid out. Examining aggregate monthly data for US domestic air travel, we have identified causal relationships among fare, complaints, and levels of delay. An analytical framework is proposed that formalizes these relationships in an integrated manner. This integrated framework is then estimated in a set of simultaneous equations by using 118 months of data from January 1997 to October 2006. Results show that complaints are influenced by levels of delays. However, complaints are positively influenced by average yield. These findings lead us to support the central hypothesis that complaints are responsive to levels of delays, but they tend to vary according to fare. That is, air travelers are less likely to complain in return for lower fares, even when faced with the same or even higher levels of delays. These findings have important policy implications, including the passengers’ bill of rights and regulator’s choice between market and operational performances.