Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Road roughness estimation based on discrete Kalman filter with unknown input

ABSTRACT

The road roughness acts as a disturbance input to the vehicle dynamics, and causes undesirable vibrations associated with the ride and handing characteristics. Furthermore, the accurate measurement of road roughness plays a key role in better understanding a vehicle dynamic behaviour and active suspension control systems. However, the direct measurement by laser profilometer or other distance sensors are not trivial due to technical and economic issues. This study proposes a new road roughness estimation method by using the discrete Kalman filter with unknown input (DKF-UI). This algorithm is built on a quarter-car model and uses the measurements of the wheel stroke (suspension deflection), and the acceleration of the sprung mass and unsprung mass. The estimation results are compared to the measurements by laser profilometer in-vehicle test.     

背诵式输入应用于艺术专业大学英语教学的实证研究

本文通过理论探索与实证研究探讨了背诵式输入在艺术专业大学英语教学中的作用。作者采用测试,问卷及访谈的方法证明了背诵式输入可以促进学生的英语学习。经过半年的实验后,实验班比控制班平均成绩高出5.9分,T检验说明该差异具有显著性。此外,实验班学生的背书成绩与其后测考试成绩呈正相关,r=.923,表明背诵与学生的英语成绩具有相辅相成的关系。     

Robust Predictive Control for Polytopic Uncertain Systems with Time-delay Subjected to Actuator Saturation

Robust predictive control algorithms were presented for polytopic uncertain linear discrete systems with time-delay subjected to actuator saturation. In the first algorithm, the parameter dependent state feedback model predictive control (MPC) law was obtained from minimizing the upper bound of the cost function subjected to several linear matrix inequality constraints. In order to reduce computation burden, a second robust MPC algorithm based on nominal performance cost was presented. The feasibility of the optimization problems guarantees that the algorithms are robustly stable. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

桥梁抗震分析中的激励输入模式研究

本文研究桥梁抗震分析中激励的输入模式。针对加速度、位移两种输入模式的特点、实现方法以及适用性进行对比分析。分析结果表明,若积分方法和步长相同,在有限元分析模型中加速度输入模式较位移输入模式容易获得更好的精度;而在模态分析模型中则得到相反的结论。为减小误差,模态模型中位移输入模式的模态力宜由等效分布荷载形式计算。实测地震加速度时程需要修正才能得到一致化的位移时程,在总结各类时域修正方法的基础上,本文提出一种频率内校正方法。     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

考虑谱跌的舰载设备冲击响应谱分析法

在舰载机械设备的水下非接触爆炸冲击响应评估和抗冲击设计中,由给定的基础输入运动直接计算,如Duhamel积分,得出的响应谱不能作为谱分析计算输人谱,实际输入谱必须考虑"谱跌"的影响.文中结合-多自由度系统的冲击响应谱分析计算,解释了"谱跌"产生的原理,给出了"谱跌"谱的具体建立方法;运用DDAM对一推进轴系进行了冲击响应计算,得出了各轴承支撑处的最大变形,并提出了考虑推进轴转速条件下的响应谱分析方法;为检验舰载设备的抗冲能力和抗冲设计提供一种途径.     

典型焊接接头固有应变的影响因素研究

基于热弹塑性有限元法采用多线性各向同性强化原则对船级钢T型接头的焊接过程进行了数值模拟,重点研究分析热输入量、焊接速度及焊脚长对固有变形的影响.从T型接头的固有应变数值分析与实验结果对比可以得到:当热输入量一致,数值计算的温度场和角变形与试验结果基本一致;角变形随着焊接速度和焊脚长增大,先增大后减小;横向收缩与纵向收缩率则有着不同的比例关系。     

附连水对基座机械输入阻抗影响研究

基于理论公式和有限元方法,研究附连水对设备基座机械输入阻抗的影响。根据船体结构在不同的频段内的特性,采用两种简化模型重点研究低频段和中频段里基座的输入阻抗特性。结果显示,当激励频率很低时,船体外附连水对基座机械输入阻抗影响很大,附连水质量越大输入阻抗越大;随着频率的升高,附连水对输入阻抗的影响逐渐变小。