The impact of a congestion pricing exemption on the demand for new energy efficient vehicles in Stockholm

As governments seek to transition to more efficient vehicle fleets, one strategy has been to incentivize ‘green’ vehicle choice by exempting some of these vehicles from road user charges. As an example, to stimulate sales of energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in Sweden, some of these automobiles were exempted from Stockholm’s congestion tax. In this paper the effect this policy had on the demand for new, privately-owned, exempt EEVs is assessed by first estimating a model of vehicle choice and then by applying this model to simulate vehicle alternative market shares under different policy scenarios. The database used to calibrate the model includes owner-specific demographics merged with vehicle registry data for all new private vehicles registered in Stockholm County during 2008. Characteristics of individuals with a higher propensity to purchase an exempt EEV were identified. The most significant factors included intra-cordon residency (positive), distance from home to the CBD (negative), and commuting across the cordon (positive). By calculating vehicle shares from the vehicle choice model and then comparing these estimates to a simulated scenario where the congestion tax exemption was inactive, the exemption was estimated to have substantially increased the share of newly purchased, private, exempt EEVs in Stockholm by 1.8% (±0.3%; 95% C.I.) to a total share of 18.8%. This amounts to an estimated 10.7% increase in private, exempt EEV purchases during 2008, i.e., 519 privately owned, exempt EEVs.     

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交通流分配是交通规划的核心工作之一，而路网中有效路径的搜索又是进行交通流分配的基础。通过将交通路网中节点位置的确定性与交通出行中路径选取的有向性相结合，本文提出了一种有效路径的分层定向搜索算法，并结合博弈理论建立了新的交通流分配模型。新的算法合理的汲取了启发式配流的比例加载思想，并借鉴相继平均法思路解决了多起讫点对的配流问题。新算法具有模拟实际交通路径选择行为，并给出唯一路径流量的特征。文中用一个算例说明了该方法的有效性。     

低温热水地板辐射采暖应用中若干问题思考

总结了当前低温热水地板辐射采暖应用中的几个共性问题,进行了简要分析。提出了按有效散热面积计算单位面积所需散热量的方法,建议在设计图纸中明示家具覆盖率和设计选定的地面材料层种类与热阻。提出了施工和调试的改进方案。     

客运专线箱梁快速预制技术

桥梁结构大量应用于铁路客运专线,其中预应力混凝土简支箱梁因竖横向刚度大,抗扭性能好而在桥梁结构中受到广泛使用。对梁场生产线布置、自动化养护工艺、高性能混凝土制备等进行研究,改进了箱梁预制工艺,缩短了制梁台座的使用循环周期,提高了制梁效率。该技术成果在某客专梁场试制成功并获得了推广。     

37 300 t化学品船开发与设计

为建造安全的、生态友好的和经济的全球航运体系,本设计努力打造一种新的设计理念。除满足各种最新公约、规则和有关法规的要求(包括MARPOL公约、SOLAS、IBC规则、USCG和OCIMF及Exxon公司等各项要求)外,具有以下特征:装卸时间短;货油残留量最小;防污染能力更安全;高效快速洗舱。     

随机交通分配中有效路径的定向树搜索算法

交通路网中有效路径的确定方法是进行各类随机交通流量分配的关键技术.文章将交通路网中节点位置的确定性与交通出行中路径选取的有向性相结合,模拟树的生长,提出了一种有效路径的定向树搜索算法.通过将该方法应用于随机用户均衡分配模型,说明了该方法的有效性.     

大华岭特长高速公路隧道施工高效通风技术

介绍了张承高速公路大华岭隧道高效通风的研究,内容包括:制定大华岭特长隧道的通风方案、选择合适的通风方式、并通过设计计算获得隧道工作面的需风量,根据计算结果选择施工通风的机械配套设施,包括通风机的选择和通风管道的选择。最后是通风方案的实施、系统的安装布置和使用管理,所述内容对类似工程有参考意义。     

多目标最短路径模型及算法

为获得满足决策者需要的多目标最短路径问题的有效路径,建立了多目标最短路径模型,并提出了综合k-最短路径算法和多目标格序决策方法的多项式算法.该算法根据决策者可以接受的各单目标的上限,用k-最短路径算法,分别确定各单目标的可行路径集及其交集.再用多目标格序决策方法,比较交集中的有效路径,最终获得决策者满意的路径.     

Finding time‐robust fuel‐efficient paths for a call‐taxi in a stochastic city road network

Intra‐city commuting is being revolutionized by call‐taxi services in many developing countries such as India. A customer requests a taxi via phone, and it arrives at the right time and at the right location for the pick‐up. This mode of intra‐city travel has become one of the most reliable and convenient modes of transportation for customers traveling for business and non‐business purposes. The increased number of vehicles on city roads and raising fuel costs has prompted a new type of transportation logistics problem of finding a fuel‐efficient and quickest path for a call‐taxi through a city road network, where the travel times are stochastic. The stochastic travel time of the road network is induced by obstacles such as the traffic signals and intersections. The delay and additional fuel consumption at each of these obstacles are calculated that are later imputed to the total travel time and fuel consumption of a path. A Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based approach is proposed to identify unique fuel‐efficient paths between two locations in a city road network where each obstacle has a delay distribution. A multi‐criteria score is then assigned to each unique path based on the probability that the path is fuel efficient, the average travel time of the path and the coefficient of variation of the travel times of the path. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于预算时间的路径选择模型参照点设定方法

针对路径选择模型的特点,基于前景理论分析了实际路网中出行者在不同得失状况下的选择行动,进而重点分析了模型中参照点的设定方法.从传统参照点设置方法入手,针对其自由流时间不适用于拥挤路网的弊端,通过结合出行时间预算和有效路径的相关理论,提出了一种更加符合实际的路径选择模型参照点设定方法.算例演算表明,提出的参照点设定方法能有效地反映路网出行者的实际出行行为,特别是在出行者对出行时间要求越严格的情况下,改进方法的优势越明显.