A Novel Approach to Vehicle Dynamics using the Theory of a Cosserat Point and its Application to Collision Analyses of Platooning Vehicles

A fully three-dimensional, computationally inexpensive vehicular model is presented. In contrast to traditional rigid body models, the vehicle's sprung mass is modeled as a (nonlinearly) deformable body. The formulation of the equations of motion is based on a continuum theory known as the theory of a Cosserat point. These equations largely preserve the relative simplicity of rigid body dynamics but incorporate deformable features. The ease of computer implementation permits the simultaneous simulation of vehicle and collision dynamics of multiple vehicles and highway objects. In this paper, the theory of a Cosserat point is summarized and its general application to vehicle and collision dynamics is illustrated. A three-dimensional collision algorithm is discussed with emphasis on small closing velocities (negligible residual crush, elastic rebound). The novel model is compared to standard procedures.     

Limit braking of a high-performance motorcycle

A mathematical-model-based study of the limit braking of a high-performance motorcycle and rider is described. Front and rear brakes are operable independently. A dry road and high friction are presumed, such that full braking of the front wheel would lead to an overturn or ‘stoppie’ in colloquial parlance. Effective braking needs to maintain some loading on the rear wheel. A planar but otherwise detailed system model is set up and braking strategies for front and rear are devised. Parameters of the braking control schemes are derived with the help of an optimisation process, minimising the final speed in braking from high speed over a fixed time interval. Simulation results are examined critically and the strategy is developed until efficient use of the friction available is made. The nature of optimal braking events is demonstrated. The influences of slipper-clutch torque setting and the rear-tyre target load chosen are shown.     

双桨船Lucy Ashton轴系附体阻力的尺度效应

本文对Lucy Ashton带附体美人架和轴包架的几何相似船模试验结果重加分析。分别将带附体的和相应裸体的船模阻力试验结果绘成以C_r为纵坐标对C_F为横坐标的Froude数等值线。假定: C_r=(1 k)C_F C_W可发现全部Froude数等值线都是直线。可见三因次外插法可推广应用于带轴系附体的船模。 带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的1 k之差,乘以足足C_F后,可认为是轴系附体的粘性阻力系数。带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的C_w之差可认为是轴系附体的兴波阻力系数。以上粘性阻力系数和兴波阻力系数之和可认为是足尺轴系附体的总阻力系数。 由此三因次外插法计得的足尺轴系附体总阻力系数与由实船试验测得者间的最大误差可发现小于10％。假定船的附体阻力为裸船体阻力的10％,则最大误差小于裸船体阻力的1％。可见应用三因次外插法预估轴系附体阻力可给出十分满意的结果。     

广义罚函数法及其在电机优化设计中的应用

提出了一种新的适用于电机优化设计的广义罚函数法,该方法可以避免增目标函数的“病态”特性,具有收敛速度快、自动边界搜索等优点。在电机优化设计中的应用表明,该方法优于ＳＵＭＴ法。     

大跨径预应力连续刚构桥施工控制的理论与方法

运用工程控制论的思想, 将预应力连续刚构桥的施工控制视为一随机最优控制问题, 建立相应的数学模型、目标函数及物理模型, 采用卡尔曼最优一步预测, 按确定性的最优控制规律构成闭环状态反馈系统． 同时, 在现场建立计算机工作站, 使计算机对各施工阶段进行调整控制,达到控制的目的． 其成果已在重庆黄花园嘉陵江大桥的施工控制中得到了应用．     

基于谐波叠加法的路面不平度重构

对GB/T 7031-2005中提出的路面功率谱密度表达式及等分方法,应用谐波叠加法对路面不平度随机序列进行仿真,使用AR模型谱估计法验证仿真结果.结果表明通过谐波叠加法能很好地拟合路面不平度,且AR模型谱估计具有拟合结果平滑且精度高的特点.     

优化PWM控制的计算机仿真方法研究

优化PWM(脉宽调制)控制在高频化和大功率方面有其独特的优势,本文对优化PWM控制进行计算机仿真方法研究,具体介绍了逆变器 电机系统的仿真模型及其运用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立的结构图,最后以优化PWM中效率最优PWM控制为例给出仿真结果,从而证明了该仿真方法的有效性。     

混合动力发动机在线扭矩估算算法研究

为了满足混合动力发动机扭矩管理控制策略的需要,建立了基于平均值模型和A/N—Te模型的发动机在线扭矩估算算法。在试验过程中,针对进气歧管压力响应滞后于节气门快速变化的问题,提出了预估算进气歧管压力估计进气流量的方法,消除了进气歧管内压力滞后的影响,完善了原始算法。通过台架试验得到发动机输出扭矩实测值,将实测扭矩与估算扭矩相比较,验证了算法的准确性。     

基于成本最优的城乡公交站点布设模型研究

城乡公交站点的优化布设作为城乡公交一体化规划的重要内容,它决定了运营企业的运营成本和公交乘客的出行时间成本。在分析城市公交站点布设模型的基础上,提出了城乡公交经营者的费用成本和公交乘客的时间价值成本的概念,并以两者之和最小化为目标,建立起城乡公交站点的布设模型,并进行了优化。