带漂角和输入饱和的水面船舶航向控制

[目的]为处理水面船舶航向控制过程中受到的非零漂角和输入饱和影响,提出一种基于反步法的航向控制方法。[方法]首先,利用相对速度求出实际漂角,再通过漂角对航向角误差进行修正;然后,采用一种预滤波方法减小航向改变时对航速变化的影响,同时引入双曲正切函数和Nussbaum函数逼近输入约束,结合自适应律对逼近误差和艏摇方向上的扰动进行估计;最后,借助指令滤波器简化反推过程,并通过Lyapunov理论证明控制系统的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提控制器有效减小了水面船舶的航向输出误差,且能始终保持较小的控制输入力矩。[结论]研究成果可为水面船舶航向控制设计提供参考。     

地铁车辆回转阻力系数的理论计算及试验研究

建立了地铁车辆在空气弹簧处于不同(充气和失气)工况下所产生回转阻力矩的理论模型,提出了计算方法,并进而计算了车辆在不同载荷和偏转角度的状态下的回转阻力矩和回转阻力系数。利用回转试验台测定车辆在不同工况下的回转阻力矩,通过理论计算和试验结果分析,总结出车辆在不同工况下回转阻力系数的影响因素和变化特征,验证了理论计算方法的合理性和试验结果的可信性。     

基于混合有限元法的钢箱拱相关稳定分析

针对薄壁结构提出了一种混合有限元方法,对结构关心的部位采用板壳单元模拟,其他部位采用杆系单元模拟,根据平截面假定推导了2种单元在交界面处的约束方程,由此建立整体混合有限元模型。通过算例验证了该方法的可靠性,可以计算薄壁结构的整体稳定、局部稳定和整体局部相关稳定。用该方法对某座刚构-单肋钢箱系杆拱组合桥梁进行特征值和弹塑性稳定分析,得到了相应的稳定系数和失稳模态。实例显示,该方法既可以弥补梁单元模型无法计算构件局部屈曲的不足,又可克服局部板壳模型无法准确模拟其整体边界条件及工作环境的缺点,还可以避免全结构板壳模型产生过多单元数量和庞大结构刚度矩阵的弊端,计算可靠性和计算效率大大提高。     

施工过程分析在ANSYS中的实现

在结构施工过程中,结构受力体系、边界约束条件、荷载分布在不断的改变。利用大型有限元软件ANSYS的“生死单元”,可以进行结构施工过程分析。主要介绍了“生死单元”的机理,并举例分析了仅与“杀死单元”相连接的节点的约束问题,使其能较好的模拟结构施工过程。     

航空兵协同对海打击时间协同模型研究

时间因素在协同作战中作用日益凸显。首先对简单时间约束网络进行了分析,而后根据时间约束网络,对航空兵协同时间约束进行了定量化,将定量时间约束转化为 STCN要求的不等式形式,给出了时间协同STCN模型建模的具体流程,最后,建立了基于 STCN的d个协同动作时间约束模型。     

Airport privatization in congested hub–spoke networks

This paper investigates the airport privatization issue. One congested hub and two linked local airports serve symmetric hub carriers. Passengers valuate the congestion delay cost and benefit from greater frequencies. The government considers privatizing either the hub or local airports. We find that in each privatizing scenario, welfare-maximizing public airport(s) set a charge below their operating costs in order to fully coordinate the high charge of privatized airport(s). If this fiscal deficit is not allowed, each scenario causes distortion. Interestingly, the distortion—and hence welfare losses—in privatizing a hub are smaller (larger) than those in privatizing both local airports when both passengers’ valuations are small (large); this is exactly the case when privatized local airports are strategic substitutes (complements). We also surprisingly find that retaining the hub airport as public and privatizing one or both local airports achieves the same market outcomes. We further find that if all airports are privatized, welfare becomes worse than the other scenarios; the hub airport charges lower (higher) prices than local airports when both local airports are strategic substitutes (complements).     

行人头部与车辆碰撞中旋转速度对颅脑组织响应影响

为了探究旋转速度在行人头部与车辆碰撞中对颅脑组织响应影响,对46例真实交通事故进行了运动学重建获得行人头部与车辆碰撞线性、旋转速度分布特征,并依此建立了头部与风挡、发动机罩碰撞有限元仿真模型,分析了头部旋转速度在不同线性速度和碰撞位置下对颅脑应力应变响应影响特征.结果表明:在行人头部与风挡碰撞中,当线性速度小于40 k...     

计及导向摆臂约束的重型货车驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型

传统的重型货车驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型没有考虑悬置导向机构的影响,仅能粗略计算驾驶室垂向和俯仰响应,无法计算驾驶室质心的纵向振动特性,因而其仿真精度较低,且在实际工程应用中受到了限制.为提高模型精度并拓宽其工程应用范围,创建了考虑导向摆臂约束作用的驾驶室俯仰平面动力学模型,分析了摆臂导向机构的约束特性.在此基础上,通过...     

悬索桥索鞍位置的分离计算法

关于索鞍位置计算,已有的计算方法较为繁琐或仅适用于单圆曲线索鞍,针对这种情况,将单圆曲线索鞍位置计算的分离计算法推广到复合圆曲线索鞍位置的计算中,从力学关系和几何关系出发推导得到了复合圆曲线索鞍位置计算的解析公式和由解析公式求解的牛顿-拉斐森迭代算法。改进约束条件,给出合理的迭代初值计算公式,确保了索鞍位置迭代计算快速收敛于真实解。归纳提出了理论顶点的顺延悬链线交点定义法和切线交点定义法的概念,探讨了两种定义法所得的索鞍位置计算公式或计算结果之间的必然联系。算例表明:该精确方法正确可行,近似方法也具有较高的精度,可供悬索桥施工、设计人员参考。     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.