改进张友正标定法在船舶曲面分段测量装备中的应用

在船舶曲面分段测量装备开发中,以视觉检测中的摄像机标定过程作为研究的对象,分析了开源计算机视觉函数库OpenCV中的摄像机模型,使用张正友基于平面模板的方法进行标定,过程中充分考虑了透镜径向畸变和切向畸变因素的影响。文章在标定之前讨论了摄像机结构参数的设置问题,以期更合理地布置摄像机摆放位置。文中给出了详细的标定步骤,并提出基于多项式拟合的摄像机标定方法。该算法充分发挥了OpenCV函数库的功能,提高了标定精度和计算效率,具有良好的跨平台移植性,可以满足船舶曲面分段测量装备视觉测量的需要。     

应用三维船体曲面模型进行破舱稳性计算

破舱稳性的计算是船舶设计中比较复杂的一项计算内容。M axsurf软件能够建立船体的三维曲面模型,从而可以方便、准确地进行破舱稳性的计算。介绍了应用M axsurf建立船体的三维曲面模型进行破舱稳性计算的经验与体会,并给出了一个算例。     

A two-step outlier removal procedure for surface reconstruction

Outliers in point clouds affect the performance of surface reconstruction directly. Most of outlier removal methods just remove those outliers far away from the real surface and are only applied to handle watertight surface. In this paper, a two-step outlier removal procedure is proposed to filter the point clouds acquired from the gray code and line-shifting technique. The first step is to remove the outliers far away from the real surface. Some feature points are extracted from the point clouds to construct an initial surface. The points with distances to the initial surface greater than a given threshold are removed as distant outliers. The retained points are linked into lines in each structured light sheet using their Voronoi diagrams. Some of lines which are very close to the real surface are removed as near outliers in the second step. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very effective in removing outliers for surface reconstruction. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470488)     

Surface reconstruction of scanned human body using radial basis functions and adaptive partition of unity

It is important to reconstruct a continuous surface representation of the point cloud scanned from a human body. In this paper a new implicit surface method is proposed to reconstruct the human body surface from the points based on the combination of radial basis functions (RBFs) and adaptive partition of unity (PoU). The whole 3D domain of the scanned human body is firstly subdivided into a set of overlapping subdomains based on the improved octrees. The smooth local surfaces are then computed in the subdomains based on RBFs. And finally the global human body surface is reconstructed by blending the local surfaces with the adaptive PoU functions. This method is robust for the surface reconstruction of the scanned human body even with large or non-uniform point cloud which has a sharp density variation. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575139) and the Shanghai Special Fund of Informatization (No. 088)     

KS函数在控制曲面中的应用

为了使控制器既能具备鲁棒与非线性特性,又保持传统PID控制器的优势,拟采用基于神经元嵌入模糊控制表的阵列式非线性控制器.采用一种新的方法,将计算机辅助几何设计领域中,基于KS函数凝聚算法的三维几何外形磨光方法应用到控制曲面光滑拟合中,为子控制器的平滑转换与控制器参数自调整算法收敛提供了保证.     

钛板颅骨修复假体的设计

运用逆向工程的方法,基于患者的头部CT数据,构建了颅骨的三维模型;数字化设计了钛板颅骨修复假体．虚拟装配结果表明该修复假体与缺损部位良好吻合;采用有限元法对钛合金颅骨修复假体进行了强度分析,分析结果表明假体具有足够的强度;为下一步数字化制造提供了可靠的基础．     

基于响应曲面法的玄武岩纤维-岩沥青混合料路用性能研究

为提升沥青混合料路面的路用性能,有效化解岩沥青对混合料低温抗裂性的不利影响,采用响应曲面法,并基于汉堡车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、低温小梁弯曲试验和四点弯曲疲劳试验,对不同玄武岩纤维和岩沥青掺量下的混合料进行路用性能及抗疲劳特性评价。结果表明,玄武岩纤维和岩沥青的复合增强作用,可显著提升沥青混合料的高温性能、水稳定性和抗疲劳特性;通过响应曲面法设计预测,获得玄武岩纤维和岩沥青的最佳掺比分别为0.495%和7.6%,且经试验验证,预测值与实测值之间的计算准确度均>98%,此最佳掺比下,沥青混合料表现出优良的路用性能。     

基于指数积理论的五轴曲面喷涂后置处理

针对无刀尖点跟随功能(rotated tool center point, RTCP)功能五轴机床在喷涂过程中旋转喷涂头中心点轨迹不可控而产生的多喷与漏喷现象,为了提高复杂曲面的喷涂质量、优化喷涂轨迹,提出了一种五轴曲面喷涂机床的后置处理方法.基于两旋转轴与被喷涂零件在机床坐标系的相对位置关系,采用指数积理论建立五轴联动机床的正向运动学模型.结合工件表面的几何特征、三角函数的周期性、旋转轴运动范围等确定旋转轴的最优角度组合解.利用选择的最优角度组合解求得平动轴的绝对位移量,进而生成能直接运用于喷涂的数控代码,在没有RTCP的帮助下完成喷涂.以典型船舶球鼻艏曲面喷涂为例进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明：该方法可以在没有RTCP功能的机床上实现喷涂轨迹的控制和较好喷涂质量,有效地避免在喷涂过程中产生的多喷与漏喷的现象.     

Bézier曲面拼接误差影响因素

通过m×n次Bézier曲面和n次Bézier曲线G1、G2连续的条件,分析了Bézier曲面在拼接边界上控制顶点矢量末端的偏差对位置误差、相切误差和曲率误差的影响因素。根据分析结果提出了减小曲面拼接误差的方法,并以汽车发动机罩曲面拼接为例,验证了分析的正确性。     

局部对称Lorentz流形中具常平均曲率的完备超曲面

设L1^n＋1是截面曲率KL满足b/2＜α≤KL≤b的局部对称Lorentz流形,M是L1^n＋1中具常平均曲率H的完备类空超曲面,S是M的第二基本形式模长平方,λ1,λ2……λn是M在点x处的n个主曲率,本文得到：如果L1^n＋1的截面曲率K（ei∧en＋1）满足∑λiK（ei∧en＋1）=nbH,则（i）S＜2√n-1（2a-b）时,M全脐：（ii）S=＜2√n-1（2a-b）时,若n=2,M全脐：若n≥3,M是双曲柱面。该结论是文[3]中相庆结果的推广与改进。