汽车底部复杂流场数值模拟

针对汽车底部流场研究的困难，提炼物理数学模型，发展相应数值计算方法；对长安微型汽车外部复杂三维流场进行求解，计算风阻值与道路试验结果符合较好。在此数值计算结果基础上，对汽车底部复杂流场结构进行分析和研究。     

无伸缩缝桥梁的受力性能评价

在目前的桥梁设计中，取消伸缩装置和支座的无伸缩缝桥梁在美国已经成为一种趋势，但该类桥梁还没有设计标准，仅有一些设计章程和建议。研究了桩基础的无伸缩缝桥梁和扩大基础的无伸缩缝桥梁在各种荷载工况下的受力性能，在理论分析与试验结果的基础上，得出了一些可运用于设计的结论。     

计及随机海浪波面倾角影响的船底砰击压力概率分布

计及随机海浪波面倾角的影响,研究了船舶底部砰击压力的概率分布问题。在计算船底砰击压力时引入随机海浪的波面条件,根据海浪波面斜率和船波之间相对速度的统计特性导出砰击压力随机变量的概率密度函数。计算结果表明,计及随机海浪波面倾角影响的概率密度函数与试验结果更加一致。     

采用车厢底部出风的变频热泵空调在低温地区大巴车辆上的应用研究

纯电动大巴空调冬季制热是目前行业普遍关注的焦点问题,受大巴空调厂家技术影响,大部分电动空调热泵制热在环境温度0℃左右将无法启动,所以目前行业冬季制暖主要采用燃油炉或PTC加热方式。燃油炉与PTC加热能耗高,严重影响整车续航里程。热泵大巴空调可实现-15℃正常热泵制热,补气增焓技术可实现-25℃正常热泵制热。另外,在冬季制热时,暖风从上部的风道往下吹,大部分热风下不去,造成了车厢上部温度高,脚部温度过低,非常影响舒适性。通过从上部风口引一些风道到脚部的方式,提高车厢底部的热风循环,提高车厢热泵制热的舒适性,从而验证了大巴车厢底部出风对热泵空调制热效果的影响。综合上述,对热泵空调在低温地区冬季热泵制热效果及节能效果进行对比测试,通过对比热泵空调和电加热器的温升速率、耗电量和舒适性等参数,可得知热泵空调升温速度快、温控精度高、耗电量少,变频热泵空调更舒适、更节能。     

基于OpenFOAM的礁坪上波浪底部切应力数值模拟研究

文章基于OpenFOAM的两相流求解器OlaFlow建立了考虑壁面函数边界条件的礁盘地形数值波浪水槽，利用礁盘地形上波浪传播物模试验结果验证了所建数模的可靠性。通过验证后的模型进行了不同入射波要素和水深条件下波浪在礁盘地形上传播的数值模拟，分析了波浪底部切应力在礁坪上的沿程变化，以及相对水深、入射波高和波周期对波浪底部切应力的影响。结果表明：随着礁坪上相对水深的增大，向岸和离岸切应力呈减小趋势；随着入射波高和周期增大，向岸和离岸切应力呈增大趋势；向岸切应力最大值主要出现在礁缘后方，随入射波周期增大，向岸切应力最大值出现位置向礁缘后方移动；离岸切应力最大值主要出现在礁缘处。     

试议从设计的源头把握船舶设计

本文介绍如何从船舶设计的源头把握船舶设计，使船舶设计从设计的一开始便走上正确的道路，从而为有条不紊、循序渐进地开展设计打下坚实的基础。     

Damping of Oblique Ocean Waves by a Vertical Porous Structure Placed on a Multi-step Bottom

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered： first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting ofp vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second ca     

奥迪A6在颠簸路面行驶时底部有异响

故障现象：一辆奥迪A6轿车,行驶里程200002km,车主报修该车行驶到颠簸路面时车身底部有异响。