计及电热参数更新的高速列车牵引整流器IGBT模块寿命评估

绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）作为列车变流器的关键部件,其寿命受老化过程中参数变化的影响,为此提出了一种计及电热参数更新的IGBT模块寿命预测方法。首先,利用实车采集到的外部电压、电流数据结合变流器调制策略推导IGBT的驱动信号,进而获得单个IGBT的电压电流;其次,基于数据手册建立Foster热网络模型获取IGBT的结温;之后考虑到实际中IGBT的老化过程,提出一种IGBT结温计算过程中热阻和导通压降的更新策略;最后通过寿命模型对IGBT进行损伤度估算,并通过蒙特卡洛（Monte-Carlo）模拟评估器件寿命计算过程中的不确定性,取得可靠性变化曲线。     

IGBT机理建模及其基于神经网络的参数辨识方法

为获取专用的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)模型,实现IGBT电路的针对性优化,在Hefner模型的基础上,对IGBT的开通和关断状态进行了机理建模,并重点分析了其暂态过程.在此基础上,提出了基于神经网络优化算法对模型参数进行辨识的方法,获得了单个IGBT元件的机理模型.以一个FGA25N120型的IGBT为例,进行了仿真和实验研究,通过仿真与实验结果的对比,拟合优度达0.9,验证了本文所提机理模型的正确性及基于神经网络辨识所得参数的精确性.      

DC gain analysis of scaled CMOS op amp in Sub-100 nm technology nodes: A research based on channel length modulation effect

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) intrinsic gain degradation caused by channel length modulation (CLM) effect is examined. A simplified model based on Berkeley short-channel insulator-gate field effect transistor model version 4 (BSIM4) current expression for sub-100 nm MOSFET intrinsic gain is deduced, which only needs a few technology parameters. With this transistor intrinsic gain model, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operational amplifier (op amp) DC gain could be predicted. A two-stage folded cascode op amp is used as an example in this work. Non-minimum length device is used to improve the op amp DC gain. An improvement of 20 dB is proved when using doubled channel length design. Optimizing transistor bias condition and using advanced technology with thinner gate dielectric thickness and shallower source/drain junction depth can also increase the op amp DC gain. After these, a full op amp DC gain scaling roadmap is proposed, from 130 nm technology node to 32 nm technology node. Five scaled op amps are built and their DC gains in simulation roll down from 69.6 to 41.1 dB. Simulation shows transistors biased at higher source-drain voltage will have more impact on the op amp DC gain scaling over technology. The prediction based on our simplified gain model agrees with SPICE simulation results.     

汽车电子点火正确使用5注意

汽车电子点火系统的形式较多,电路及原理差异较大,使用要求也各不相同,应严格按厂家规定进行。在使用中一般应注意5个问题:1)器件位置须通风散热。各接线端必须正确、牢固,插接器要插接良好;系统中的晶体管器件最好安放在易于散热且通风良好的位置上。2)必须先断开点火开关。拆卸、连接点火系统导线(包括高压线)及用仪器检测时,必须先断开点火开关。同时,应谨慎使用"试火法"和"短路法"检查点火系故障,以防发生意外。清洗发动机时,也必须断开点火开关,不得直接清洗电子组件。