温差能驱动的水下滑翔机工作过程数值模拟

将焓法模型稍做变换后,用于求解温差能驱动水下滑翔机动力装置的相变过程,将温度场与液相分数场解耦,液相分数值由温度场确定.引入有效热导率来表示液相对流对相变过程的影响,计算结果与实验值吻合.对几种不同性质的材料进行了数值模拟分析,分别计算了比相变温度高5℃和10℃温差下,量纲一的量相界面的移动规律、液相分数随时间的变化情况,以及相变材料储能速率.结果表明,外界环境温度在5～30℃范围内,十六号凝胶性能优于其他材料.此外,以十六号凝胶为贮能材料,研究了对流换热系数、储能容器半径对相变过程的影响.     

Microfluidics-based assay on the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors

Abstract A new microfluidic system with four different microchambers （a circle and three equilateral concave polygons） was designed and fabricated using poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） and the soft lithography method. Using this microfluidic device at six flow rates （5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL/h）, the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors were investigated. Escherichia coli HB101 pGLO, which could produce a green fluorescent protein induced by L-arabinose, was utilized as the model bacteria. The results demonstrated that bacterial adhesion was significantly related to culture time, microenvironment geometry, and aqueous flow rates. Adhered bacterial density increased with the culture time. Initially, the adhesion occurred at the microchamber sides, and then the entire chamber was gradually covered with increased culture time. Adhesion densities in the side zones were larger than those in the center zones because of the lower shearing force in the side zone. Also, the adhesion densities in the complex chambers were larger than those in the simple chambers. At low flow rates, the orientation of adhered bacteria was random and disorderly. At high flow rates, bacterial orientation became close to the streamline and oriented toward the flow direction; All these results implied that bacterial adhesion tended to occur in complicated aqueous flow areas.The present study provided an on-chip flow system for physiological behavior of biological cells, as well as provided a strategic cue for the prevention of bacterial infection and biofilm formation.     

质量偏心对裂纹转子系统振动特性的影响研究

将叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子,在非线性油膜力和流体激振力作用下建立了带有裂纹的转子系统的动力学模型,并推导了系统的无量纲运动方程.运用数值积分法研究了系统响应的分岔特性,分析了质量偏心对裂纹转子分岔特性的影响.结果表明:质量偏心越大,对裂纹转子系统响应的影响也越大.     

基于宾汉姆流体的土压平衡盾构螺旋输送机排土量研究

为确保土压平衡盾构掘进过程中有效控制排土量,须考虑螺旋输送机构造特征和渣土性质对其影响。将改良后流塑性状态的渣土假设为宾汉姆流体,并基于螺旋输送机构造沿其螺旋排土方向展开成一长条形的长方体排土模型的基础上推导盾构螺旋输送机的理论排土量计算公式。通过对排土量影响因素进行分析表明： 1）排土量受开挖面支护压力、渣土的初始剪切屈服应力影响较大,而受渣土的塑性黏度影响较小; 2）随着隧道埋深和开挖面支护压力的增加,改良渣土的流塑性降低。将该理论成果应用于指导广州地铁21号线浅覆土全断面砂土地层某区间隧道盾构掘进中的渣土改良,开挖面支护压力保持了稳定,地表沉降控制为5 mm。     

HYUNDAI ELANTRA 生如夏花

朗动来了,带着如兰花般的线条。现代欧洲总部首席设计师托马斯·伯克尔曾经说过,设计作品就像自己的孩子,一颦一笑会让你喜悦,这是创作的乐趣,这种乐趣也包括了带给欣赏者的愉悦感。采用现代家族新的流体雕塑理念设计的朗动来了,和瑞纳、第八代索纳塔一样,其锐丽、个性的外观造型非常夺目,很有时代感。在北京车展亮相的朗动是现代Elantra的换代车型,将和Elantra、悦动一起同堂销售。几代同堂的模式并不是现代首创,     

一种77～373K磁致伸缩测量装置的研制

设计了一种77～373K温度区间测量磁致伸缩的装置。采用多晶Ni对该装置进行了标定，结果与献发表的数据相符，并利用该装置测试了多晶Ni2.1Mn0.9Ca0.9C0.05Heusler合金磁致伸缩的结果。     

诺冠：轨道交通行业可靠及创新的合作伙伴——访诺冠公司亚太区轨道交通行业销售总监贺蒂夫

早在二十世纪初期，当诺冠公司创始人卡尔·诺冠在自己家中的厨房中开始创办其压缩空气处理设备业务时，诺冠就开始致力于创新。通过有组织的发展和战略并购，诺冠已经成为全球领先的高性能气动运动和流体控制解决方案供应商之一。     

流体瞬变对舰船管系激振分析

舰船管系在设计布置过程中由于受到内部空间的限制,往往具有较为复杂的空间特性。本文建立一个典型的具有复杂空间走向特性的舰船管系,分析在关闭管系阀件后造成的流体瞬变对管系振动的影响,对管系的振动特性进行仿真研究。结果表明,离关闭阀门越近的管路,其由阀门关闭引起的管路振动越强烈,并且管路整体振动位移随着阀门关闭时间的延长而变小;对于固定约束自由度越多的管路,相比固定约束自由度少的管路,其振动位移越小,同价振动频率降低。     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean＇s thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process, but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees, the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change, and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However, the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size, boundary conditions, and the power source＇s cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38ram needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

大功率半导体激光相变硬化U74钢轨的实验研究

使用自主研制的新型高光束质量大功率半导体激光器对U74钢轨进行相变硬化,并对硬化结果进行分析。分析结果表明,经过半导体激光处理后的表面区域晶粒结构明显细化,硬化层硬度HV0/20可以达到800~900,比基体硬度提高3~4倍,沿半导体激光器光斑的不同轴向扫描对硬化层有很大影响,沿慢轴方向扫描得到的硬化层深度要远高于快轴方向的硬化层深度,硬度沿深度方向在过渡区附近迅速下降至基体硬度。实验表明,慢轴方向的相变硬化效率约为快轴方向的4倍。