ERK信号通路抑制剂U0126对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠早期脑损伤及神经元自噬的影响

目的探讨ERK信号通路特异性抑制剂U0126对蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)对早期脑损伤及海马区神经细胞自噬的作用。方法成年雄性SD大鼠48只,随机数字表法分为对照组、SAH组、DMSO+SAH(二甲基亚砜)组、U0126+SAH组(ERK信号通路特异性抑制剂),共4组,每组各12只。采用血管内穿刺法(PIC)法制作SAH模型,分别于造模前30min经尾静脉注射等量的生理盐水、DMSO、U0126溶液0.5mL/只,于24h处死。干湿重法测量脑组织水含量,HE染色观察海马CA1区神经细胞形态结构变化;免疫组化及Western bloting检测海马区ERK及Beclin-1和LC3-Ⅱ表达水平的变化。结果与Sham组比较,SAH模型组脑组织含水量明显增加,大鼠海马CA1区神经元数量明显减少(P<0.05),ERK及自噬相关因子Beclin-1和LC3-Ⅱ的表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与SAH模型组比较,U0126组脑组织含水量明显增多,海马CA1区神经元数量明显较SAH组减少(P<0.05),ERK信号信号通路被抑制,相应自噬相关因子Beclin-1和LC3-Ⅱ的表达降低(P<0.05)。结论ERK信号通路抑制剂U0126可以抑制神经细胞自噬,加重SAH的早期脑损伤。     

补肾活血中药复方对脑缺血性损伤的保护作用

用复方中药给家兔灌饲７ｄ后,分别测兔脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ及再灌流６０ｍｉｎ、１２０ｍｉｎ时脑组织中ＬＰＯ舍量、ＳＯＤ活力;另给“血瘀”家兔模型灌饲该中药７ｄ后测血液流变学变化。结果：该中药能显著降低脑缺血后再灌流１２０ｍｉｎ时脑组织ＬＰＯ含量、保护ＳＯＤ活力、降低全血粘度、抑制ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集,提示该中药可保护兔脑缺血性损伤。作用机理：①抗氧自由基损伤;②通过降低血浆纤维蛋白原含量降低全血粘度。     

The quantitative analysis of S100 in the brain tissue and serum following diffuse brain injury in rats

Wound examination is one of the most i mpor-tant aspects inthe forensic practice,and forensic pa-thologists are often required to esti mate woundsage.The diffuse brain injury(DBI)exists in theforensic practices widely.At present,various kindsof biological substances such as c-fos,β-App,FN,and appolipoprotein Eare knownto be closely relat-ed to braininjury,but no effective methods can beused to differentiate the antemortem diffuse braininjuries from the post mortem injuries and exactlyesti m…     

新生鼠实验性缺氧缺血性脑损伤时大脑皮质NSE和GFAP的变化

目的　了解新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤 (HIBD)时大脑皮质神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的变化。方法　 7日龄SD鼠经右侧颈总动脉结扎加缺氧处理建立HIBD动物模型。用免疫组织化学法检测对照组和HIBD组新生鼠大脑皮质NSE、GFAP的含量。结果　①HIBD后 2 4h损伤部位大脑皮质NSE含量显著降低 ,7d后有所升高但仍低于正常对照组。②正常情况下GFAP在新生鼠大脑皮质中的表达局限而稀少 ,HIBD后 2 4h损伤部位大脑皮质的GFAP表达无明显变化 ,HIBD后 7dGFAP表达明显增加 ,广泛分布于损伤部位的大脑皮质中。结论　①新生鼠HIBD早期大脑皮质NSE含量即明显降低 ,提示NSE可作为判断神经元损伤的特异性指标之一 ;②新生鼠HIBD恢复期 ,脑损伤部位的GFAP明显增加 ,提示其可能参与了损伤区的修复。     

高压氧对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠感觉运动功能及大脑皮质区神经元的远期影响

目的探讨高压氧(HBO)对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)新生大鼠远期的感觉运动功能和脑皮质区神经元的保护作用。方法24只7d龄SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=8):假手术组(sham)、HIBD组、HIBD+HBO组。HIBD+HBO组大鼠在HIBD后1h应用0.25MPa的高压氧单次干预1.5h。在大鼠5周龄时应用握力实验和转杆实验评价其感觉运动功能。在大鼠9周龄时灌注取脑,观察脑皮质区神经元死亡和丢失情况。结果在5d的抓握实验中,sham组和HIBD+HBO组的平均抓握时间明显长于HIBD组;HIBD+HBO组与HIBD组比较,在第2、3、4、5天其抓握时间明显延长。在5d的转杆试验测试中,sham组和HIBD+HBO组转杆的平均停留时间明显长于HIBD组;在第5天,sham组和HIBD+HBO组的动物在转杆上停留的时间比HIBD组明显延长。HIBD+HBO组大鼠的脑组织大体病理变化比HIBD组轻,且损伤侧的皮质区神经元没有明显的死亡和丢失。结论新生大鼠HIBD后1h给予单次高压氧(0.25MPa,1.5h)治疗,可以有效地改善大鼠远期的感觉运动功能,同时也可以减轻大鼠大脑皮质区神经元的死亡与丢失。     

Effects of rhubarb extracts on hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons after fluid percussion injury

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb extracts, i.e. rhein and emodin, on the neuronal hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission, and to ,further reveal the mechanism of the secondary brain damage. Methods The fluid percussion injury （FPI） rat model and extracellular recording method were used. The evoked field potentials by stimulating Schaffer collaterals were collected from the ipsilateral （impact side） and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 areas of rat in vitro . And the field potentials, including the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike, were analyzed. Results After the impact was performed on the rat parietal cortex, the evoked field potentials in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 area were enhanced obviously. Rhubarb extracts reduced the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the number of the population spike significantly while rhein and emodin increased the latency of the population spike obviously. Conclusion Rhubarb extracts, i.e. rhein and emodin, can depress the neuronal hyperexcitability, which suggests that rhein and emodin play an important role in protecting the central nervous system from neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury. FPI produces hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons, probably by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission.     

乘员与安全气囊初始距离对轻度脑损伤的影响

基于已构建且经验证的成人第50百分位头部有限元模型,在LS-DYNA软件中模拟头部与安全气囊不同初始距离的碰撞过程,探究汽车碰撞中安全气囊与头部不同初始距离对乘员轻度脑损伤的影响。仿真中测得颅脑响应参数如HIC_(15)值、脑灰质处压力、脑组织von Mises应力、脑剪切应力等。对结果的分析表明:当乘员头部与安全气囊的距离大于等于290 mm时,引发轻度创伤性脑损伤的概率均低于50%;随着头部与安全气囊的距离减小,颅脑响应参数值会增大,造成颅脑损伤的概率增大。因此汽车碰撞过程中,尽管乘员合理使用安全带,但当乘员头部与安全气囊距离过近时也会引发轻度创伤性脑损伤,建议两者距离应大于290 mm。     

Identification and culture of neural stem cells isolated from adult rat subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury

Objective To analyze proliferation and differentiation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)- and nestin-positive (GFAP+/nestin+) cells isolated from the subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury to determine whether GFAP+/nestin+ cells exhibit characteristics of neural stem cells. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 200-250 g, were randomly and evenly assigned to normal control group and model group. In the model group, a rat model of fluid percussion brain injury was established. Five days later, subventricular zone tissue was resected from each group and made into single cell suspension. After serum-free neural stem cell medium culture and subsequent serum-induced differentiation, cell type, proliferation and differentiation capacities were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results At 3-7 days after fluid percussion brain injury, nestin+/GFAP+ cells in the single cell suspension from the model group significantly outnumbered those from the normal control group (P<0.01). In the model group, an increased number of small neurospheres with smooth cell edge and bulged center formed after primary culture, and were clearly visible with the increase of culture time and medium replacement. After several passages, many clonal spheres were obtained, suggesting strong self-proliferatiing capacity. Neurospheres from the model group differentiated into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conclusion GFAP+/nestin+ cells isolated from the adult rat subventricular zone after fluid percussion brain injury are thought to be neural stem cells because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation capacities.     

基于距离测度法的中枢神经系统损伤检测

基于AR模型的EEG信号距离测度方法可以较好地表征中枢神经系统损伤的情况。主要探讨在这种方法中利用不同的定阶准则建立相应的AR模型及其对距离测度结果的影响。同时，使用自适应滤波器对原始信号进行滤波，将分离后的平稳和非平衡成分再进行距离测度法的研究。对滤波器的参数分析表明，这种方法可以很好地消除EEG信号中可能混有的不同程度的噪声，得到的距离测度结果也能更好地表示损伤的变化情况。