Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition

The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 km south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time.     

CD40基因多态性与自身免疫性甲状腺病的相关性

目的了解CD40基因多态性在西北地区汉族人群中的分布及其与自身免疫性甲状腺病(AITD)的相关性。方法随机选取本院内分泌科门诊的165例Graves病(GD)患者、113例桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者为研究对象,以94例健康体查者为对照。①应用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段长度多态性技术检测CD40基因5′非翻译区-1位点C/T多态性(5′UTR C(-1)T)、第三外显子58038位点-/T多态性;②应用扩增受阻突变系统-聚合酶链反应检测第九外显子64610位点C/G多态性。结果①5′UTR C(-1)T位点中CC基因型、C等位基因在GD组和对照组间有显著差异(P<0.05);②58038位点在372例样本中均为TT型;③64610位点未发现GG基因型。结论①西北地区汉族人CD40基因5′UTR C(-1)T位点上C等位基因型与GD发病有相关性,CC基因型者患GD的危险性较TT高;②58038位点-/T在西北地区汉族人中无多态性;③64610位点C/G在西北地区汉族人中未发现GG基因型。