Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

整体温差作用下高桩码头基桩内力计算方法

为研究高桩码头完建后整体温差对基桩内力的影响,结合工程实例,建立三维有限元模型,对上部平台温变规律进行分析,认为斜桩、直桩对上部平台温变约束作用均可忽略不计,平台处于自由温变状态,存在水平位移为零的温变发散中心。基于刚性平台自由温变规律,提出了考虑斜桩码头平动扭转的三维算法,三维算法的桩顶位移、内力与有限元结果接近。对于全直桩或近似对称的斜桩码头,还可简化为平动的二维算法。并给出了直桩、斜桩内力的估算简式,由估算式可知,位于发散同心圆上的直桩内力大于斜桩内力,桩顶轴力、弯矩与桩径2次、4次方成正比,桩径对温差内力的影响显著。     

A two-phase model for dry port location with an application to the port of Dalian in China

This paper provides guidance for an optimal and reasonable dry port layout for the port of Dalian in China. We present a two-phase framework on the location of dry ports, which solves the selection of candidate inland cities and optimal dry port location choice, respectively. Fuzzy C-Means Clustering is applied to select alternative cities in the vast hinterland of the seaport of Dalian, with a view to identify evaluation factors that affect the location selection decision. A cost-minimisation linear programming solution is proposed, with the aid of a genetic algorithm, to choose the optimal location as well as capacity level among the candidate inland cities.     

基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化研究

文章针对城市交通信号控制中的动态路径优化问题,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距和路段交通饱和度两个参数的影响,提出了一种基于蚁群算法和群决策理论的动态路径优化算法模型,并通过仿真实验,对比分析了该算法模型的有效性。     

大跨悬索桥MTMD抖振控制的参数优化

针对悬索桥抖振控制问题,建立有限元模型,应用神经网络和遗传算法对多重调频质量阻尼器(MTMD)进行双参数优化。以某大跨悬索桥为例,利用神经网络改进的谐波合成模拟方法(RBF-WAWS法)对脉动风速进行模拟,并换算成抖振力作用主梁上,通过时程分析及后处理获取主跨跨中横桥向响应值。将响应值的均方差作为优化目标函数,以MTMD总质量、个数及阻尼比作为优化变量和约束条件,采用神经网络拟合目标函数并应用改进的自适应遗传算法进行寻优。结果表明,优化后的MTMD能有效控制悬索桥在脉动风作用下的抖振响应,减振率达48%。提出的理论与计算方法对悬索桥中MTMD的设置及参数选取具有实际工程意义。     

多工序加工单元的移动机器人调度优化

为合理分配动力电池生产线容量确定单元中移动机器人的任务,优化机器人调度路径,提高调度效率,在考虑设备加工工时、物理位置等约束下,以最小化调度任务时间为目标,建立多工序加工单元单轨约束下多移动机器人调度模型,设计遗传算法并采用MATLAB进行求解,给出不同机器人分配方案下的目标函数值和收敛情况。结果表明,采用所提出的调度方法对单轨多机器人服务范围进行规划能够减少调度时间、提高调度效率。     

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

一种螺旋桨参数化建模方法

对螺旋桨进行优化时,需要建立起优化计算的样本空间,即要实现初始桨的参数化建模。本文基于贝塞尔曲线拟合原理编程实现了螺旋桨的参数化建模,对螺旋桨的径向参数分布分别用一条贝塞尔曲线进行拟合,曲线的控制点通过遗传算法寻优求得。文中以4382桨为例,对其进行参数化建模,讨论了三、四、五、六阶贝塞尔曲线的拟合效果,发现三阶贝塞尔曲线拟合光顺性最好、拟合平均误差可以控制在0.3%以内,而且控制点个数较少,最适合拟合螺旋桨径向参数分布。最后通过调整三次贝塞尔曲线控制点的位置调整了原桨叶的几何形状,得到光顺性较好的新桨叶模型,表明该参数化建模方法合理。     

船舶六自由度转台电液伺服系统参数整定方法

针对船舶六自由度转台电液伺服系统的参数整定问题,提出一种基于多目标遗传算法和多属性决策的PID参数设计方法,综合考虑了系统超调量、稳定时间和ITAE指标,采用多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解。使用客观赋权的信息熵法对最优解的属性进行权值计算,然后采用逼近理想解的排序方法（TOP—SIS）进行多属性决策（MADM）研究。计算了转台电液伺服控制的数值算例,结果表明本文提出的联合方法通用性好,所设计的PID性能优异,适合工程实际应用。     

正交异性组合桥面构造优化

正交异性组合桥面由于其较好的抗疲劳性能和静力承载能力、相对较轻的自重近年来在实际工程中得到较多应用。正交异性组合桥面通常由正交异性钢板和混凝土层组成,在加入混凝土层后结构刚度发生较大变化,若正交异性板仍采用传统正交异性钢桥面的构造形式将会造成不必要的钢材用量和焊接量增加。采用遗传算法,以单位面积造价最小为目标,结合现有规范考虑了构造约束和承载能力约束两类约束条件,采用两种应力控制方案,对不同桥面板跨度和混凝土厚度的正交异性组合桥面的构造进行优化。同时解决了构造改变导致荷载分配改变对承载能力分析造成的影响。优化结果表明,桥面跨度4.5m时,与未优化组合桥面相比,优化方案用钢量可降低1.7%~10.1%,焊接量可降低16.5%~31.8%。