新型铣磨车磨粉收集装置设计参数研究

新型铣磨车磨粉收集装置可及时、高效地输送磨盘打磨钢轨产生的磨粉,有效防止磨粉在管道中堆积。磨粉收集装置的核心是风机和风管。本文具体阐述了风机和风管的参数设计过程,并分析了各参数的相互影响,提出了收集装置设计中三个难点的解决方法：①整个装置中磨粉的高压输送,通过合理的风机和风管参数解决;②在管道中,高温磨粉通过高速空气输送被风冷;③黏着主要由潮湿和静电所致,磨加工产生的高温使潮湿的磨粉干燥,静电则通过加装除静电的导线解决。     

基于空簧悬挂特性的高铁车辆垂向振动舒适性对比研究

在对车辆振动舒适性进行型式试验和仿真分析的基础上,以拖车为对象,研究空簧悬挂对车辆垂向振动舒适性和地板振动的影响.对车辆的多体系统仿真结果表明:采用德系空簧时车辆的垂向振动舒适性较使用日系空簧时提高了约10％;而在德系空簧辅以二系垂向减振器的组合悬挂下,车辆的垂向振动舒适性介于使用德系空簧与日系空簧之间.对车辆的刚柔耦合仿真表明:当车辆以不低于300km· h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的高频垂向振动主要为转向架上方的局部模态振动,而且随着速度的降低,其振动能量逐步减小或消失;车体地板中部的振动是以1阶和2阶垂向弯曲模态振动为主的中频振动,并且与二系悬挂形式关系不大;当车辆以低于300km·h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的垂向振动主要是低频振动,并且与二系悬挂方式有较强的相关性;增设二系垂向减振器后,虽然可以弥补德系空簧低频性能的不足,但有可能因高频阻抗过大而造成1阶垂向弯曲模态振动的增强.     

空气悬架系统的干涉应力分析

由于国内特殊的路面条件,导致有些国外比较成熟的产品在国内却出现了很多故障。以几种国内客车常用的典型空气悬架系统的结构分析为例,分析了“干涉应力”产生的原因及可能产生的后果。指出:大部分空气悬架发生故障是由于悬架系统存在“干涉应力,”而悬架结构设计不合理是导致悬架系统产生“干涉应力”的主要原因。建议在设计悬架系统时,尽量避免导致系统产生“干涉应力”的结构出现。     

电控空气悬架载荷平衡系统仿真

结合当代最新设计理念,利用MATLAB和ADAMS/Car软件的联合仿真,设计了电控空气悬架载荷平衡系统,并对整体系统进行了几个工况的模拟仿真。结果表明:所设计的空气悬架载荷平衡系统性能良好;联合MATLAB和ADAMS软件的长处来设计系统,能够使产品开发过程加快,同时产品开发成本也相应下降。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Vibration control in train–bridge–track systems

To study the problems associated with vibration control of train–bridge–track systems a mathematical model with the capability of representing supplementary vibrational control devices is proposed. The train system is assumed as rigid bodies supported on double-deck suspension mechanism with semi-active features. The bridge system is modeled using the modal approach. Vibration control for bridge responses is provided by tuned mass dampers. A non-classical incremental Eigen analysis is proposed to trace the system characteristics across the time. In an example, the capability of the proposed model in investigating the vibration control prospects of a bridge–train system is shown. The results indicate the effectiveness of active suspension mechanism in reducing train's body movements, particularly the pitching angle and the vertical accelerations. Accordingly, the results also verify the potential of TMD devices in reducing the bridge responses at resonance motions.     

Nonlinear feedforward–feedback control of clutch-to-clutch shift technique

To improve the shift quality of the vehicle with clutch-to-clutch gear shifts, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The feedforward control is designed based on flatness in consideration of the system nonlinearities, and the linear feedback control is given to accommodate the model errors and the disturbances. Lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems, appear in their original form in the designed feedforward controller, while the linear feedback controller is calculated through linear matrix inequalities such that the control system is robust against the parameter uncertainties. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model, which contains a time-variant model of clutch actuators.