An approach to geometric optimisation of railway catenaries

The quality of current collection becomes a limiting factor when the aim is to increase the speed of the present railway systems. In this work an attempt is made to improve current collection quality optimising catenary geometry by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). As contact wire height and dropper spacing are thought to be highly influential parameters, they are chosen as the optimisation variables. The results obtained show that a GA can be used to optimise catenary geometry to improve current collection quality measured in terms of the standard deviation of the contact force. Furthermore, it is highlighted that apart from the usual pre-sag, other geometric parameters should also be taken into account when designing railway catenaries.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.     

H轮副机配气机构的改进尝试

此文通过对H轮副机机损的故障分析,阐述了由于气阀机构的磨损而发生故障的机理,并提出了改进措施。     

气压制动系统储能装置容量特性研究

建立了气压制动系统的简化模型，研究了和储能装置容量特性相关的制动器促动刚度、气室推力和容积以及制动过程中气体的热力学特性，介绍了计算储能装置容量特性的方法。最后讨论了储能装置容量的法规适应性检验、制动系统设计参数协调性、制动问隙对制动力影响和变型车制动系统设计等问题。     

浅析驼峰空气压缩机站的几种自动控制模式

本文介绍了铁路驼峰空气压缩机站比较常用的几种自动控制模式，并从功能、特点、投资、节能等诸多方面作分析比较，以便为使用单位决策选用何种自劝控制模式提供一些参考。     

基于模糊控制的车辆电控空气悬架系统研究

针对汽车车辆的空气悬架系统作了理论分析和计算机仿真研究,首先运用ADAMS建立了悬架的动力学模型和控制系统模型;然后运用模糊控制器对汽车空气悬架系统进行了模糊控制;对所创建的模型进行了SIMULINK仿真,取得了良好的仿真效果。     

美国海军的综合作战系统

近年来，美国出于称霸全球、独步海洋的战略需要，不惜斥巨资构筑海上综合作战系统。本文详述了这方面的进展。     

列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形

采用数值计算、动模型试验、风洞试验、实车试验和理论分析等方法,研究列车流线型头部长度、宽度、高度及耦合外形对列车交会压力波、空气阻力和升力的影响,得到一系列理论关系式。研究结果表明:①增加列车流线型头部长度,可以有效地改善列车空气动力性能,列车交会压力波随流线型头部长度增加而呈对数减小,头车阻力、升力绝对值均随流线型头部长度的增加呈线性减小,尾车阻力与流线型头部长度呈二次幂减小;②流线型头部纵向对称面最大控制型线从外凸到内凹,列车空气阻力、空气升力和交会压力波基本不变,减小鼻尖部位过渡曲线的曲率半径可以有效降低列车交会压力波;③流线型头部俯视最大控制型线为方形时产生的交会压力波最小,尖梭形的头车空气阻力和升力绝对值较小;④减小列车空气阻力和降低列车交会压力波,既矛盾又统一,列车气动头部外形设计需要综合考虑各种因素。     

基于空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”的智能空气悬架系统

根据目前空气悬架高度阀应用实际情况,简要分析了诸如常规高度阀、快速排气高度阀以及多级高度调节阀等各种不同类型高度阀和ECAS空气悬架系统各自的应用技术状态和特点。基于上述分析结果,率先提出了空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”(UAM),该模型对目前所有商用车空气悬架系统中包括高度阀在内的阀类零部件的应用状态进行了高度概括和统一。并以此模型为基础,设计出一种可自动调节长度的高度阀连杆,与最普通的高度阀配合使用,在保留高度阀实时进、排气的优势下实现对气囊高度无级、多样化调节,再结合气囊压力监测装置和中央处理单元,最终实现空气悬架系统的智能控制。