肋拱桥加固设计的力学分析研究

针对目前工程中采用较多的肋拱桥原设计荷载标准难以满足日益增长的交通量的需要,在使用中出现病害,需要进行提载加固的问题,提出了提载加固的力学分析模型,并以实例的形式对提出的计算模型进行分析研究。     

陆羽大桥动荷载试验研究与分析

动载试验一般采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的研究方法,是解决工程结构振动问题必不可少的手段。通过对记录的振动信号进行分析得到桥梁结构的动态特性和响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,从而为检验桥梁的承载力提供依据。     

陆羽大桥动荷载试验研究与分析

动载试验一般采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的研究方法,是解决工程结构振动问题必不可少的手段。通过对记录的振动信号进行分析得到桥梁结构的动态特性和响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,从而为检验桥梁的承载力提供依据。     

深水爆破挤淤装药器的研发与应用

爆破挤淤施工药包的精确定位以及装药效率是确保工程质量和施工进度的关键,这都取决于装药器。介绍了沥港渔港工程概况和特点。详细介绍了装药器的研制和装药器施工工艺。改进后的装药器在施工中取得良好的效果。     

A generic class of first order node models for dynamic macroscopic simulation of traffic flows

Node models for macroscopic simulation have attracted relatively little attention in the literature. Nevertheless, in dynamic network loading (DNL) models for congested road networks, node models are as important as the extensively studied link models. This paper provides an overview of macroscopic node models found in the literature, explaining both their contributions and shortcomings. A formulation defining a generic class of first order macroscopic node models is presented, satisfying a list of requirements necessary to produce node models with realistic, consistent results. Defining a specific node model instance of this class requires the specification of a supply constraint interaction rule and (optionally) node supply constraints. Following this theoretical discussion, specific macroscopic node model instances for unsignalized and signalized intersections are proposed. These models apply an oriented capacity proportional distribution of the available supply over the incoming links of a node. A computationally efficient algorithm to solve the node models exactly is included.     

Experimental design influences on stated choice outputs: An empirical study in air travel choice

Discrete choice experiments are conducted in the transport field to obtain data for investigating travel behaviour and derived measures such as the value of travel time savings. The multinomial logit (MNL) and other more advanced discrete choice models (e.g., the mixed MNL model) have often been estimated on data from stated choice experiments and applied for planning and policy purposes. Determining efficient underlying experimental designs for these studies has become an increasingly important stream of research, in which the objective is to generate stated choice tasks that maximize the collected information, yielding more reliable parameter estimates. These theoretical advances have not been rigorously tested in practice, such that claims on whether the theoretical efficiency gains translate into practice cannot be made. Using an extensive empirical study of air travel choice behaviour, this paper presents for the first time results of different stated choice experimental design approaches, in which respective estimation results are compared. We show that D-efficient designs keep their promise in lowering standard errors in estimating, thereby requiring smaller sample sizes, ceteris paribus, compared to a more traditional orthogonal design. The parameter estimates found using an orthogonal design or an efficient design turn out to be statistically different in several cases, mainly attributed to more or less dominant alternatives existing in the orthogonal design. Furthermore, we found that small designs with a limited number of choice tasks performs just as good (or even better) than a large design. Finally, we show that theoretically predicted sample sizes using the so-called S-estimates provide a good lower bound. This paper will enable practitioners in better understanding the potential benefits of efficient designs, and enables policy makers to make decisions based on more reliable parameter estimates.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

大跨屋盖结构抗风类型划分方法及应用

根据风振响应中平均响应、背景响应和共振响应之间的关系,初步提出划分结构抗风类型的思想,将大跨屋盖结构分为4类抗风类型,并给出具体的划分方案,以简化风振响应和等效静风荷载的分析过程．在此基础上,以拱作为研究对象,在工程常用的参数范围内,通过风洞试验,确定屋面风荷栽,对矢跨比分别为1／8和1／4的大跨拱结构的抗风类型进行系统的参数分析,研究风荷载基本参数和结构参数（矢跨比、跨度、结构截面刚度和屋面质量）对拱结构抗风类型的影响．分析结果表明：基频小于4Hz的绝大多数拱结构,脉动风响应明显大于平均风响应,脉动风响应不可忽略,属于背景响应可以忽略、共振响应占主导地位的结构抗风类型．     

东方红-WZJ300挖装机的研究

隧道开挖多采用钻爆法,可以分段开挖,加快工程进度,与全断面法（使用TBM时）相比施工成本低。钻爆法出渣作业中需要使用高效的挖装机。通过对隧道挖装机双动力的匹配技术、工作装置的有限元分析技术、负荷传感液压系统技术、电控风扇冷却系统技术、电控系统技术等进行研究,完成样机试制,经工业性使用试验,表明产品达到了国内领先水平。     

水动推进力及其应用

考虑到三维效应和重力影响,提出研究设置导流槽的船底在水面滑行激起的流场以及作用在槽和船底浸湿面上的水动力。该导流槽的顶部曲面前低后高,对船底基面形成倾角。运用严谨的数学物理方法解决问题,求得描绘三维流场状况的解析函数．由此获得船艇前进时出现在槽顶部曲面上推船艇前进的水动推进力和向上的水动升力定量值的解析表述式。将船底浸湿面设计成设置导流槽的外形,建成实船试航,通过卫星跟踪的GPS系统实测获得的数据证明了水动推进力的存在,且它随着航速的提高而迅速增大,于是船速以及稳定性、安全性均得以犬,幅提高。实船设计时,可通过合理调整表述式中的物理参数,设计建造整体性能远优于常规船艇的实船。