Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.     

系统最优的动态交通网络流分配模型的研究

智能交通系统是一个复杂的大系统。交通网络配流是智能交通系统的一个关键问题,其中对交通网络配流模型的建立和算法的设计是非常重要的。通过建立系统最优的动态交通网络流分配的最优控制模型,并经过一系列的积分变换转化为一种简单而特殊的非线性规划问题。文中只是局限于对最优控制模型进行化简,目的是为了进一步研究已简化模型的有关性质和算法的设计。     

城轨车辆辅助逆变器设计选型与发展趋势

城轨车辆采用静止辅助逆变器作为逆变电源。文章简要介绍了常见的几种辅助逆变器的拓扑结构,比较了它们的优缺点,重点介绍了高频隔离变压器方案,并对未来辅助逆变器的发展趋势作出展望。     

存量城市轨道交通项目PPP模式选择研究

从众多PPP模式中选择出与存量城市轨道交通项目最为匹配的模式,是保障存量城市轨道交通PPP项目成功运作的前提。通过分析PPP模式特征并细化分类,以存量项目的适用性为原则,初步选出存量项目适用的PPP模式。从政府的角度出发,根据存量城市轨道交通PPP项目特点,建立相应的模式选择指标体系。引入熵权灰靶理论,构建存量城市轨道交通项目PPP模式选择模型。以大连市快轨3号线存量项目为例验证模型的可行性和实用性,为我国存量城市轨道交通PPP项目决策的理论与实践提供参考。     

地铁车辆称重设备介绍和称重线布置方式探讨

地铁车辆质量、车辆轴重与轮重是车辆的重要技术指标。地铁车辆大修后这些指标是否达到设计要求,需要称重设备验证。介绍地铁车辆称重设备的种类、称重原理及称重方法,结合称重设备的类型,对其在车辆修理工艺设计的影响和称重设备在大、架修库内的布置方式进行探讨。     

桩基清除对周边环境影响的数值模拟分析

上海某轨道交通盾构顶进时下穿一高架桥梁,穿越断面与一桥梁桩基相交,因此须将影响盾构推进的桩基拔除.利用弹塑性有限元,分析全回转钻机清除桩基及孔洞回填对已建污水总管的影响,在预计的挤土效应内,污水总管的位移跟套管挤土位移基本呈线性关系,孔洞回填使污水管位移有所恢复,污水管最大位移在套筒挤土过程中产生.     

基于Opensees的铁路空心高墩地震反应研究

研究高墩在强震作用下的地震反应。以铁路连续梁桥为例,基于抗震模拟软件Opensees,建立一个90 m的空心高墩,考虑高阶振型,进行非线性动力时程分析,求出加速度从0.1g至0.6g时墩顶位移、墩底弯矩的变化规律及塑性铰的形成和扩展情况。结果表明,加速度从0.1g调整为0.2g,0.4g,0.6g时,墩顶位移分别增加1.35,2.79,4.6倍,墩底弯矩分别增加1.49,2.54,3.38倍。墩底首先进入塑性区,墩中部后进入塑性区,塑性区的长度分别向墩底和墩顶扩展,向墩底比向墩顶扩展的更快更广泛。因此,高墩设计中不仅在墩底部位,也要在墩身中部布置足够的箍筋。     

无枕式整体道床长钢轨直铺法施工机具研究

无枕式整体道床施工机具的研究设计直接影响到施工效率及工程质量,结合马来西亚安邦轻轨延伸线工程特点,在长钢轨直铺法施工技术基础上进行配套施工机具的研究。主要是多功能轨道调整器及模板体系的研究,包括结构形式、施工方法、精度保证措施、小半径曲线施工实现方式等。采用MSC.Nastran软件对多功能轨道调整器进行强度及变形分析,并采取相应措施保证整体道床施工精度。     

铁道车辆橡胶弹性元件设计仿真与校验

通过详细介绍一种铁道车辆转向架用橡胶关节的结构设计与疲劳试验设计过程中运用虚拟样机仿真分析的技术手段,说明设计仿真中利用有限元仿真分析技术和实际试验相关联的方法确定产品结构参数;利用车辆系统动力学仿真分析技术和随机载荷统计分析技术确定产品的载荷条件和疲劳载荷谱,通过实际疲劳试验校验设计仿真的可行性和可靠性。     

地塞米松治疗自身免疫性感音神经性耳聋的实验研究

本实验应用豚鼠内耳母抗原液免疫豚鼠产生自身免疫性感音神经性耳聋(AISNHL),后用地塞米松治疗1周,并行听觉脑干诱发电位阈(ABRT)测定和内耳形态学观察。我们发现免疫后豚鼠ABRT升高到60.8±531dBSPL、耳蜗第3回外毛细胞损失达111.0±55.8个;而应用地塞米松治疗后的豚鼠ABRT则下降为48.8±6.69dBSPL。耳蜗第3回外毛细胞损失仅为57.25±18个,证实地塞米松对AISNHL有治疗效果,它可使内耳组织恢复,ABRT明显改善,其机制尚不明了。