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水下微结构功能表面设计及减阻特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究表明,当物体表面存在微结构时,可以减小阻力,降低能源消耗。本文设计M形和V形两种微结构,使用SST k-ω湍流模型,分析微结构的减阻机理及影响微结构减阻的因素。将V形微结构应用于水下航行器模型,探讨湍流状态下外流域的减阻率和流场变化。结果表明微结构能够减缓湍流猝发过程,降低湍流猝发强度,改善边界层的流态;当微结构夹角为60o、高度小于0.04mm时具有较好减阻作用;V形微结构在水下航行器模型中的减阻率达到1.77%,且减阻率随布置面积增加而增大。 相似文献
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This study gains insight into individual motivations for choosing to own and use autonomous vehicles and develops a model for autonomous vehicle long-term choice decisions. A stated preference questionnaire is distributed to 721 individuals living across Israel and North America. Based on the characteristics of their current commutes, individuals are presented with various scenarios and asked to choose the car they would use for their commute. A vehicle choice model which includes three options is estimated:
- (1)Continue to commute using a regular car that you have in your possession.
- (2)Buy and shift to commuting using a privately-owned autonomous vehicle (PAV).
- (3)Shift to using a shared-autonomous vehicle (SAV), from a fleet of on-demand cars for your commute.
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Motor vehicles with advanced safety technologies are rapidly entering the marketplace and the impact of new features are transforming safety on roadways. Among the several safety related technologies currently available in the market, this paper aims to forecast the reduction in crashes with gradual adoption of vehicles with lane departure prevention (LDP) technology. Crash data for the state of Alabama from 2014 to 2016 were used to evaluate the safety benefits of LDP technology. In Alabama, 75% of single-vehicle crashes are the result of lane departure. A 20% effective LDP system implies, whereby an LDP system would prevent a vehicle from exiting a roadway on 20% of applicable instances, would reduce 2.7% and 16.4% of the relevant single-vehicle lane departure (SVLD) crashes by 2020 and 2045 respectively. With increase in the effectiveness of the technology, a greater reduction in crashes was observed. With 100% effectiveness, this technology can prevent 66.5% of SVLD crashes by year 2045. This study presents the first estimations of the number of crashes that could be reduced using LDP and therefore could have significant impacts on public and industry adoption rates of the technology. The results of this study influence policy making and regulatory approaches to improving motor vehicle safety and further recommend education and outreach activities to increase awareness on the benefits of LDP technology. 相似文献
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