自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设技术研究与实践

自动驾驶封闭场地测试是自动驾驶开放道路测试及自动驾驶汽车大规模市场化应用的必要前提,近年来国内外开展了大量的自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设工作。文章围绕自动驾驶封闭场地测试,首先系统总结分析了国家交通运输部发布的《自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设技术指南(暂行)》的主要内容及典型测试场地的建设要求,然后面向场地构建应用阐述了长安大学车联网与智能汽车试验场的建设实践,最后针对现有测试场地及建设技术难以满足多种技术形式的自动驾驶汽车的测试需求提出了相应的解决思路。     

交叉口混合交通流跟驰行为研究

为了研究机动车流和非机动车流在交叉口交通信号灯影响下的过街跟驰情况,文章对西安市南稍门十字以及小寨十字进行了观测与记录,采用录制视频的方式,观测了在一个交通信号灯周期内车流的过街跟驰情况,采集并分析数据后,针对机动车流的跟驰行为构建了基于安全距离的跟驰模型,通过分析可以看出,在交叉口处机动车和非机动车过街行为受行人和机动车流影响较大,转向车流与直行的车流也会互相影响。     

水下微结构功能表面设计及减阻特性研究

研究表明,当物体表面存在微结构时,可以减小阻力,降低能源消耗。本文设计M形和V形两种微结构,使用SST k-ω湍流模型,分析微结构的减阻机理及影响微结构减阻的因素。将V形微结构应用于水下航行器模型,探讨湍流状态下外流域的减阻率和流场变化。结果表明微结构能够减缓湍流猝发过程,降低湍流猝发强度,改善边界层的流态;当微结构夹角为60o、高度小于0.04mm时具有较好减阻作用;V形微结构在水下航行器模型中的减阻率达到1.77%,且减阻率随布置面积增加而增大。     

User preferences regarding autonomous vehicles

This study gains insight into individual motivations for choosing to own and use autonomous vehicles and develops a model for autonomous vehicle long-term choice decisions. A stated preference questionnaire is distributed to 721 individuals living across Israel and North America. Based on the characteristics of their current commutes, individuals are presented with various scenarios and asked to choose the car they would use for their commute. A vehicle choice model which includes three options is estimated:

• (1)Continue to commute using a regular car that you have in your possession.
• (2)Buy and shift to commuting using a privately-owned autonomous vehicle (PAV).
• (3)Shift to using a shared-autonomous vehicle (SAV), from a fleet of on-demand cars for your commute.

A factor analysis determined five relevant latent variables describing the individuals’ attitudes: technology interest, environmental concern, enjoy driving, public transit attitude, and pro-AV sentiments. The effects that the characteristics of the individual and the autonomous vehicle have on use and acceptance are quantified through random utility models including logit kernel model taking into account panel effects.Currently, large overall hesitations towards autonomous vehicle adoption exist, with 44% of choice decisions remaining regular vehicles. Early AV adopters will likely be young, students, more educated, and spend more time in vehicles. Even if the SAV service were to be completely free, only 75% of individuals would currently be willing to use SAVs. The study also found various differences regarding the preferences of individuals in Israel and North America, namely that Israelis are overall more likely to shift to autonomous vehicles.Methods to encourage SAV use include increasing the costs for regular cars as well as educating the public about the benefits of shared autonomous vehicles.     

Potential safety benefits of lane departure prevention technology

Motor vehicles with advanced safety technologies are rapidly entering the marketplace and the impact of new features are transforming safety on roadways. Among the several safety related technologies currently available in the market, this paper aims to forecast the reduction in crashes with gradual adoption of vehicles with lane departure prevention (LDP) technology. Crash data for the state of Alabama from 2014 to 2016 were used to evaluate the safety benefits of LDP technology. In Alabama, 75% of single-vehicle crashes are the result of lane departure. A 20% effective LDP system implies, whereby an LDP system would prevent a vehicle from exiting a roadway on 20% of applicable instances, would reduce 2.7% and 16.4% of the relevant single-vehicle lane departure (SVLD) crashes by 2020 and 2045 respectively. With increase in the effectiveness of the technology, a greater reduction in crashes was observed. With 100% effectiveness, this technology can prevent 66.5% of SVLD crashes by year 2045. This study presents the first estimations of the number of crashes that could be reduced using LDP and therefore could have significant impacts on public and industry adoption rates of the technology. The results of this study influence policy making and regulatory approaches to improving motor vehicle safety and further recommend education and outreach activities to increase awareness on the benefits of LDP technology.     

车联网系统概述

随着汽车行业的不断发展,车联网已经成为目前车厂主要发展的技术和方向.车联网系统整体规划需要不断的完善.车联网系统主要包括系统平台,终端设备,车载娱乐应用,手机应用等,文章通过对各个系统的介绍和规划,提供车联网系统概要描述.车联网行业可以多参考其他相关行业,不断丰富车联网行业功能和相关技术,能够更好地为汽车行业发展服务.     

基于状态流的自动驾驶超车控制

在自动驾驶中,交通规则是安全和避免事故发生的保证。现在高级驾驶员发生的交通事故数量有逐渐上升的趋势。然而,交通规则中的逻辑往往由法律文本抽象地表达。文章用状态流实现了上述逻辑。首先采用二值分类法对驾驶员的数据进行处理,判断超车条件。然后建立地图数据库,连接Matlab获取交通规则许可。其中双目摄像头用于获取车辆与障碍物的距离。结果表明,上述逻辑适用于超车场景,并可推广到其他交通规则。     

基于改进RRT*算法的自动驾驶车辆路径规划研究

针对自动驾驶车辆,文章在交叉路口环境下提出了一种改进的快速搜索随机树(RRT*)路径规划算法。首先,对自动驾驶车辆的驾驶行为环境予以描述;其次,针对原始RRT*算法提出改进的目标偏向策略予以改善;进一步,对原始RRT*算法在交叉路口无效采样的问题,提出一种概率采样策略。基于Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台构建相应环境使进行车辆直行驾驶,所规划路径长度为100.35m,仿真时长为5.71s。