西北干旱半干旱区高速公路水土保持监测调查与评价——以新疆维吾尔自治区果子沟口至霍尔果斯口岸高速公路为例

以新疆维吾尔自治区果子沟口至霍尔果斯口岸高速公路为例,对西北干旱半干旱区的公路水土保持进行监测调查和评价,监测指标的选取和监测方法可为今后相似地区公路水土保持监测的开展提供借鉴。     

哈飞民意车外观造型设计

以自主开发的量产车为例介绍了汽车造型设计的过程及方法;并对国内汽车造型的现状、汽车造型流行趋势进行了分析,同时也阐述了家族式造型设计理念及造型风格的文化内涵。     

水下跟踪定位用接近觉传感器研究

针对水下机器人及机械手的作业特点,提出了新的目标定位跟踪方式,并根据此理论研制了新型水下跟踪定位用接近觉传感器.利用超声水下传播、反射的性质,以MSP430为控制器、配以收发一体化的探头阵列及控制电路,实现了水下目标的高精度定位与实时跟踪.实验表明,研究设计的传感器具有体积小、功耗低、实时性好等特点,适用于水下各型作业工具.     

Consumer intentions for alternative fuelled and autonomous vehicles: A segmentation analysis across six countries

Rapid advances in the development of autonomous and alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) are likely to transform the future of mobility and could bring benefits such as improved road safety and lower emissions. Achieving these potential benefits requires widespread consumer support for these disruptive technologies. To date, research to explore consumer perceptions of transport innovations has tended to consider them in isolation (e.g., driverless cars, electric vehicles). The current paper examines the predictors of consumer interest in and willing to pay for both AFVs and autonomous vehicles through a choice experiment conducted in six diverse markets: Germany, India, Japan, Sweden, UK and US. Using Latent Class Discrete Choice Models, we observe significant heterogeneity both within and across the country samples. For example, while Japanese consumers are generally willing to pay for autonomous vehicles, in most European countries, consumers need to be compensated for automation. Within countries, though, we found some segments – typically, those with a university degree, and self-identifying as having a pro-environmental identity and as being innovators– are more in favour of automation. Significantly, we also found that support for autonomous vehicles is associated with support for AFVs, perhaps, due to common demographic or socio-psychological predictors of both types of innovative technology. These findings are valuable for policymakers and the automotive industry in identifying potential early adopters, as well as consumer segments or cultures less convinced to adopt these innovative transport technologies.     

Will autonomous vehicles change auto commuters’ value of travel time?

This paper examines the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on commuters’ value of travel time (VOTT). In particular, we focus on the effect on auto commuters in small and medium-sized metropolitan areas, concerning the spatial variability across urban areas, suburbs, and rural areas. We design a stated choice experiment to elicit potential changes in 1,881 auto commuters’ valuation of travel time in autonomous vehicles and apply a mixed logit model to quantify the changes in the value of travel time if taking autonomous vehicles. The results of this study suggest that the effect of autonomous vehicles on the VOTT is spatially differentiated. We find that riding in a private autonomous vehicle reduces the commuting VOTT of suburban, urban, and rural drivers by 32%, 24%, and 18%, respectively, compared to 14%, 13%, and 8% for riding in a shared autonomous vehicle. Finally, we discuss the implications of these lower values of time on transportation and land use planning.     

基于预测控制的水下自航器抗海浪变深控制分析

水下自主航行器在近水面航行中存在着深度跟踪和姿态控制较为困难的问题。为此，首先建立了自主航行器的近水面三自由度运动数学模型，然后设计了无迹卡尔曼滤波器实现对系统状态的估计；接着，利用斯特林内插法在变动的工作点处对自主航行器模型进行近似线性化，并根据线性化后的模型设计预测控制器，实现自主航行器的变深运动控制。经过仿真实验，验证了滤波器对自主航行器近水面运动状态估计的准确性以及预测控制器在抗海浪扰动上的控制效果。仿真结果表明，带有无迹卡尔曼滤波器的预测控制器可以快速、准确的实现自主航行器的深度跟踪控制与姿态控制，且具有响应速度快，对外部扰动鲁棒性强的特点。     

基于Matlab的汽车偏离车道报警系统

为提高汽车的主动安全性并克服现有的汽车偏离车道报警系统所存在的结构复杂和成本高等缺点,文章设计了一种基于Matlab的汽车偏离车道报警系统,利用摄像头获取车道图像并实时传给车内计算机系统,经过对图像一系列的处理分析判断汽车是否偏离车道而进行报警。经验证,该系统能够实时检测出左右车道标志线,可以根据车道夹角法判断汽车是否偏离车道,满足了汽车偏离车道报警的需要。该系统结构简单高效,能显著提高汽车行驶的主动安全性。     

解放J6商用车前撞告警系统开发

针对商用车质量大且制动系统响应时间长,因此易发生碰撞造成严重死伤的问题,开发了基于商用车特点的前撞告警(FCW)系统。分别对该商用车FCW系统进行了客观验证和主观评价。结果表明,在设定场景下,除20km/h以下工况,该FCW系统告警时机满足设计值和相关法规要求;设定场景FCW系统准确告警率>80%,误报率<5%,满足正常使用要求;实际道路行驶过程中,系统运行良好,无失效情况;主观评价结果为总体满意。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船重要设备冲击加速度预报

预报舰船设备在水下爆炸载荷作用下的冲击环境,为选择设备提供依据,利用商用有限元软件MSC.Dytran边界加载的方法对整船响应情况进行仿真。在设备和船体基座之间安装隔振设备,大大提高了设备的抗冲击能力。计算结果对舰船抗爆抗冲击设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Fuel economy testing of autonomous vehicles

Environmental pollution and energy use in the light-duty transportation sector are currently regulated through fuel economy and emissions standards, which typically assess quantity of pollutants emitted and volume of fuel used per distance driven. In the United States, fuel economy testing consists of a vehicle on a treadmill, while a trained driver follows a fixed drive cycle. By design, the current standardized fuel economy testing system neglects differences in how individuals drive their vehicles on the road. As autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is introduced, more aspects of driving are shifted into functions of decisions made by the vehicle, rather than the human driver. Yet the current fuel economy testing procedure does not have a mechanism to evaluate the impacts of AV technology on fuel economy ratings, and subsequent regulations such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy targets. This paper develops a method to incorporate the impacts of AV technology within the bounds of current fuel economy test, and simulates a range of automated following drive cycles to estimate changes in fuel economy. The results show that AV following algorithms designed without considering efficiency can degrade fuel economy by up to 3%, while efficiency-focused control strategies may equal or slightly exceed the existing EPA fuel economy test results, by up to 10%. This suggests the need for a new near-term approach in fuel economy testing to account for connected and autonomous vehicles. As AV technology improves and adoption increases in the future, a further reimagining of drive cycles and testing is required.