强透水性地层基坑钻孔咬合桩止水工艺

强透水性地层深基坑施工止水效果是工程成败的关键,止水工艺对工程的安全、进度、成本有较大的影响。结合锦州港煤炭码头一期工程SG-03标段含煤污水处理场水池基坑止水施工实践,在强透水性地层条件下,对钻孔咬合桩、高压旋喷止水墙、塑性混凝土防渗墙、黏土芯墙等基坑止水工艺进行对比分析,确定钻孔咬合桩在工期、质量、成本等方面更有优越性。对钻孔咬合桩的适应性及控制要点进行探讨,指出钻孔咬合桩在施工过程中可能遇到的问题及处理措施。结果表明,钻孔咬合桩工艺在强透水性地层深基坑止水施工中效果良好。     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

基于分层系数法与混合比法的长江口盐淡水混合规律研究

采用长江口4条入海汊道3个月的水文测验资料,研究长江口的盐度分布格局和盐淡水混合情况,运用分层系数法和混合比法对长江口实测盐度数据进行分析。结果表明:北支汊道的盐度最高,洪、枯变幅大,全年均为垂向均匀混合型;南支3条汊道盐度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港;盐淡水混合强度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港,这与长江口北港分流量大于北槽、北槽分流量大于南槽的格局相对应;枯季的混合强度大于洪季,大潮的混合强度大于小潮。盐淡水的混合强度呈周期性变化,涨急前后垂向混合程度最大,涨潮的混合强度高于落潮时的混合强度。     

舰船开孔流动噪声控制措施研究

基于计算流体软件,采用大涡模拟方法计算了给定来流速度条件下表面开孔的非定常流场,分析了流场的非定常流频谱特性,采用边界元方法模拟了噪声源特征,对各种流动噪声控制措施进行了对比分析.计算结果表明,开孔形式的改变会直接影响流噪声的水平,设计结果可以为舰船流水孔的降噪设计提供参考.     

乌江思林枢纽二线1000吨级通航建筑物整体水工物理模型试验研究

乌江思林枢纽已建与Ⅳ级航道相适应的通航建筑物不能满足按Ⅲ级航道规划的年过坝货运量要求,拟建思林二线通航建筑物。针对拟建的通航建筑物设计方案引航道口门区及连接段通航水流条件较差的问题,进行正态物理模型研究。采用水流试验、流场实时测量与自航遥控船模相结合的方法,研究不同工况条件下通航建筑物上、下游引航道口门区及连接段通航水流条件和船模操控,通过方案优化比选,得出口门区最优方案布置和适航流量,结论是口门区最优方案为本文修改方案3布置形式,口门区最大通航流量建议采用1 793.8 m³/s,解决了该通航建筑物口门区通航的关键性问题。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

关于《钢质内河船舶建造规范》(2009)总纵强度问题的探讨

本文简要阐述了影响船舶总纵强度的主要因素,并对《钢质内河船舶建造规范》（2009）中将船舯剖面处的最小剖面模数表示成型深D的表达形式提出了自己的见解,并指出了总纵弯矩与中剖面最小剖面模数计算公式中的不协调。     

桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术

随着大型跨海、跨江桥梁的相继建设,桥梁跨度越来越大,对基础的要求也越来越高,超长、大直径的钻孔灌注桩已被广泛应用于大型深水桥梁建设中。结合工程实例,介绍大型桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术及其施工过程中的关键控制要点。     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

钦州湾湾口填海对茅尾海水交换能力的影响

以溶解态的保守物质作为示踪剂,建立茅尾海水交换平面二维数学模型,采用开边界污染物浓度梯度与内侧一致假定考虑了边界污染物回归,计算分析了钦州湾湾口两侧大范围填海工程对茅尾海纳潮量和水体半交换周期的影响情况。研究表明：龙门海峡通道顺畅是维持茅尾海纳潮量的关键因素,湾口宽度保持9.4 km以上茅尾海内纳潮量和水体半交换周期基本不受湾口填海工程影响。