Formal scientific research of traffic collision data utilizing GIS

This paper explores the tenuous link between speeding behavior and accident causation, one that has not been well established in the international literature to date. Taking advantage of established engineering conventions and formulae, we were able to set up an a priori hypothesis suitable for testing. Utilizing this formal scientific method (which GIS researchers have been criticised for not using) we establish a statistical link for this relationship. Our methodology can be used to support all police intervention strategies, including the controversial photo radar systems. The results from our research have been entered into a GIS in order to create a map for spatial display. This map illustrates the relative probability or risk of collision occurrence resulting from speeding at all intersections and interchanges within the scope of the study. It is suggested that this methodology could easily be maintained with periodic updates of data, thus creating a dynamic model from which to monitor traffic safety within the city. Furthermore, this model can be utilized to study specific strategies, allowing for the scrutiny of before, during and after effects. The study area is the entire city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and includes all traffic collisions occurring during the year of 1994.     

桑塔纳轿车电控节气门系统故障排除

以上海大众桑塔纳汽车电控节气门控制系统为例,介绍了电控节气门系统的组成和工作原理,结合具体案例分析了其故障排除方法。     

基于ATMEGA16的电动助力转向系统设计

电动助力转向是汽车助力转向的发展趋势,本文设计了ATMEGA16单片机控制系统,利用PWM技术、MOSFET驱动电路和MOSFET桥式电路控制转向电机电流的大小和流向,进而控制助力的大小,利用PID控制算法实现转向电机电流的反馈控制。并分别介绍了系统结构和软件流程图。实验表明该系统能够实现良好的助力。     

城市滨水道路建设研究及实践

针对上海苏州河中心城段静安区两岸滨水道路的建设,分析了现状滨水道路存在的问题,结合苏州河两岸的建设规划及现状,明确了以慢行功能、游憩功能、景观功能为主,机动车通行功能为辅的道路定位,确定了弱化交通功能、释放慢行空间和亲水平台,多元化、亲水可见水的设计理念.在此基础上,从整体断面改造、贯通断点及亮点打造、地块出行等方面,研究了具体实施方案.最后总结提出,滨水道路的建设应从需求出发提升公共空间环境品质,从空间体验出发进行工程技术处理.     

驾驶过程中手机使用行为数据采集及分析

驾驶过程中使用手机的行为存在安全隐患,是当今导致交通安全事故的原因之一.文章借助于信息技术开发出采集使用手机行为数据的App,从真实数据出发,客观地分析驾驶员在开车过程中使用手机这一不良驾驶行为的覆盖程度及危险程度,并提出将手机使用行为作为驾驶风险评价因子.     

汽车轻量化开展流程及方法研究

虽然国内汽车轻量化技术有了较快的发展,但在系统性开展轻量化工作的流程和方法上依然在摸索中前进.本文通过研究国内外轻量化开展现状,初步搭建了整车轻量化开展流程,制定出一套完整的重量管控流程,尝试提出了整车轻量化新的评价方法,努力推动建立一套规范的、切实可行的轻量化工作流程体系,以促进汽车主机厂降重节能减排的顺利实施以及轻...     

HMES在集成式汽车线束总装设计应用

随着汽车技术的快速发展,汽车的舒适性、安全性、智能化程度不断提升,导致车载功能电器不断增多,为提高车载各功能电器的可靠性,连接各功能电器的汽车线束多采用集成式设计,将发动机线束、机舱线束、仪表线束、车身线束及其它功能线束集合设计成一条线束;直接导致集成式线束的导线数量、单根导线长度大幅增加,线束的可制造性大幅降低,装配过程控制也愈加困难。为解决集成式线束生产制造及过程控制的难点和问题,我公司在现有HMES系统的基础上,设计和开发了适合集成式大型汽车线束流水线装配管理模块。本文将以HMES装配模块的开发设计和应用方案,与各位共同探讨和交流。     

发动机液压悬置低频模型参数识别方法的研究

根据悬置低频振动模型,提出了基于DE算法的发动机液压悬置模型识别方法,由简单的低频正弦激振试验直接估计模型的关键参数值,完成模型的参数识别。基于上述理论和试验相结合的模型识别方法可以代替组件试验,识别结果可直接用于复杂结构悬置元件的动特性预测和整车NVH性能研究。     

四滚柱式超越离合器系统模糊可靠度计算

根据四滚柱式超越离合器的工作原理及每一个零部件的功能,作者将离合器系统简化为一个由外环、心轮与滚柱———弹簧子系统组成的串联系统,应用模糊数学的理论与方法建立了离合器系统模糊可靠度的数学模型并且给出了一个简单实例,并与用常规方法计算的离合器系统可靠度进行了比较。     

The future of road safety: A worldwide perspective

Estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that, on a yearly basis, road crashes kill 1.25 million people—nearly 3400 road fatalities per day—and injure up to 50 million. Traffic injuries are not equally spread over the world, however; some countries are hit harder than others, and the chance of being killed in a road crash depends on where one lives. Almost 90% of all traffic casualties occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally, the number of fatalities per 100,000 population (mortality rate) ranges from less than 3 to almost 40. The rate is less than 9 in high-income countries (HIC) but averages around 20 in LMIC, with the African region demonstrating the highest rate (26.6). While road safety trends have been positive in HIC over the last few decades, trends in LMIC are not telling a positive story: road fatalities are expected to increase to almost 2 million road fatalities per year by 2020.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on road safety and proposes actions to tackle the global road safety crisis. Considering the current level of road safety to be unacceptable, the UN has taken several initiatives. One effort, the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, has generated substantial activity around the world over the last couple of years. Furthermore, it is very encouraging that the UN included road safety in the Sustainable Development Goals that it laid out in September 2015. Road safety is part of the public health agenda and the urban development agenda. Measured in “real actions,” however, the responses so far from the overall global community and individual countries do not suggest that we are already on the right track to bringing down the death toll on roads.The future of road safety is uncertain and definitely not the same for all regions of the world. Countries with a mature road safety approach and an ambition to make further progress are expected to move in the direction of a pro-active approach: a Safe System approach. It is reported that many LMIC, meanwhile, are on the brink of designing road safety strategies and implementing action plans. The international community is willing to support LMIC, but LMIC cannot simply copy successful HIC strategies because local circumstances differ. The principles of successful HIC strategies are applicable, but the priorities and action plans should take root in and align with local conditions.