城市交通流信息相似性分析与研究

信息处理日益成为智能交通系统发展中的一个重要环节，它要求智能交通系统不断集成新的信息技术以实现信息的采集、融合、组织和处理。生物信息技术在ITS信息处理中的应用成为其中新兴的研究方向。为证明交通信息具有生物遗传属性，本文定义了相似系数及波动系数作为交通流的相似性判据，并对城市交通流单点流量信息在时间轴上的相似性进行实验与数据分析，从而证明了其相似性的存在。文章还对该特性在交通流信息处理中的几种可能应用进行了分析和讨论。     

Siliceous plankton dominate primary and new productivity during the onset of El Niño conditions in the Santa Barbara Basin, California

The potential for carbon export and the role of siliceous plankton in the cycling of C and N was assessed in natural plankton assemblages in the Santa Barbara Basin, California, by examining uptake rates of inorganic carbon, nitrate and silicic acid. In April–August 1997, the concentrations of chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen and biogenic silica were measured twice monthly, and results revealed the occurrence of at least three blooms, the largest in June. Particulate elemental ratios of C, N and Si were similar to ratios of nutrient-replete diatoms, suggesting that they dominated this bloom. Mean integrated rates of carbon, nitrate and silicon uptake during the 4-month study period are similar to other productive coastal and upwelling regions (103, 8.3 and 13 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively). New production rates were twice as high as previously reported in this region and indicate that high rates of new production along eastern boundary currents are not confined to the major coastal upwelling regions. C/NO₃⁻, Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios varied widely, and mean integrated ratios were 14±5.4, 1.6±1.0 and 0.12±0.07 (S.D.), respectively. That mean C/NO₃⁻ uptake ratio corresponds to an f-ratio of about 0.5 indicating a large potential for particulate export. Based on the average Si/NO₃⁻ and Si/C uptake ratios, diatoms could perform all of the primary production and nitrate uptake that occurred during the study; these rates also suggest that export is controlled by diatoms in this system. The mean Si/C biomass ratio was lower than the mean Si/C uptake ratio, consistent with the preferential export of Si relative to C observed in sediment traps in the basin. The study took place during a period of surface-water warming, with nitrate and silicic acid concentrations decreasing throughout the onset of the 1997–1998 El Niño conditions. Although diatoms contributed less to particulate biomass during the low nutrient conditions, high f-ratios (0.33–0.66) were maintained.     

铁路新型快餐饭盒降解性能及评价方法的研究

在国内首次对新型快餐饭盒的光、生物降解性能及评价方法进行了比较全面、系统、深入的研究。第一次提出以光辐射累积能量（自然光源为３００ＭＪ／ｍ２，氙灯光源为１６．８００ＭＪ／ｍ２）取代目前以时间（ｈ、ｄ）为光降解试验控制参数，及以重均分子量下降率（７０％）作为光降解性能的定量评价参数。从而改善了原试验结果准确性、可比性、重现性差的不足；明显缩短了试验周期，降低了成本。还证实光降解到一定阶段时可加速生物降解的进程。     

Effects of small-scale turbulence on the growth of two diatoms of different size in a phosphorus-limited medium

The effect of turbulence on the nutrient flux towards osmotrophic cells is predicted to be size dependent. This should translate into growth. We experimentally followed and modelled the growth of two marine diatoms of different size (Thalassiosira pseudonana, 6 μm in diameter and Coscinodiscus sp., ca. 109 μm in diameter) under still water and turbulent conditions, using a shaker table. Experiments were done with phosphorus-limited cultures and lasted for ca. 5 days. Turbulence enhanced the growth of Coscinodiscus sp. in agreement with theory but not the growth of T. pseudonana, which was actually slightly lower under turbulence. At the end of the experiments there were about 1.7 times as many Coscinodiscus sp. cells in the turbulent treatment than in the still treatment, while for T. pseudonana almost the same cell concentration was found in both conditions. In addition, the Coscinodiscus sp. cells growing under still conditions presented a higher specific alkaline phosphatase activity than those growing in turbulence which indicates a higher need for phosphorus in the still cultures. A simple dynamic model, based on Michaelis–Menten nutrient uptake kinetics, needed nearly no optimisation other than using observed initial conditions of phosphate and cell concentrations. The model showed how an increased nutrient flux towards the cells translates non-linearly into cell growth, most likely by affecting the half-saturation constant (K_M). However, since Coscinodiscus sp. experienced significant mortality and cells partially settled to the bottom of the containers, unequivocal support for the size-dependent effect of turbulence on nutrient uptake will require further experiments and more sophisticated modelling. The mechanisms to connect an increased nutrient flux towards cells with population growth and whether this process is size dependent are important in parameterizing the effects of turbulence on marine plankton in coupled physical–biological models.     

有机物生物消纳装置热泵除湿系统初步研究

设计了闭式有机物生物消纳装置热泵干燥实验系统,对热泵干燥生物消纳装置进出口参数进行了分析研究和测试;对生物消纳反应的水量、放热量等进行了计算和测试.通过理论研究和实验测试表明,热泵干燥系统能满足闭式生物消纳装置基本除湿和进风加热要求.     

低硒对大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca转运的影响

用克山病病区低硒粮饲料和该饲料补硒喂养大鼠，动态观察了喂养1、2和3个月时两组大鼠心肌肌浆网钙转运功能的改变。结果表明：在各喂养期，低硒组大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca2+－ATPase活性和Ca2+摄取速率均明显低于补硒组，而脂质过氧化物浓度则显著高于同期补硒组。提示低硒大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca2+－ATPase活性和Ca2+摄取下降可能是脂质过氧化增高的结果。     

Measurement of air–water CO2 transfer at four coastal sites using a chamber method

We measured the air–water CO₂ flux in four coastal regions (two coral reefs, one estuary, and one coastal brackish lake) using a chamber method, which has the highest spatial resolution of the methods available for measuring coastal air–water gas flux. Some of the measurements were considerably higher than expected from reported wind-dependent relationships. The average k₆₀₀ values for Shiraho Reef, Fukido Reef, Fukido River, and Lake Nakaumi were 1.5 ± 0.6, 3.2 ± 0.3, 0.69 ± 0.26, and 2.2 ± 0.9 (mean ± S.D.) times larger than the wind-dependent relationships. Results were compared with current-dependent relationships and vertical turbulence intensity (VTI). VTI is an index of water-surface stirring and is calculated from near-surface vertical velocity. Although some measurements from the reefs and river closely matched those expected from wind-dependent relationships, others were considerably higher. All data were correlated with VTI and were qualitatively explained by bottom macro-roughness enhancement. In Lake Nakaumi, results tended to differ from the wind-dependent relationships, and the difference between the measured and expected gas-transfer velocity was correlated with biological DO changes and/or the intensity of density stratification. We found these factors to have important effects on coastal gas flux. In addition, the chamber method was an effective tool for evaluating coastal gas flux.     

微流控芯片及其在生物战剂检测中的应用

微流控芯片以其微型、快速、高效和低耗等特点成为研究热点之一。本文描述了微流控芯片用于生物战剂检测时的工作原理和流程,并对其发展进行了展望。     

Champions as Influencers of Science Uptake into Australian Coastal Zone Policy

Australia's coastal environments are exposed to great pressures. Adequate policy and management measures are required to ensure the protection of coastal assets now and for future generational use. However, recent government reports and academic literature have highlighted that improved science uptake into policy is needed to ensure coastal communities are protected from impacts such as climate change. The literature suggests that individuals, coined champions, can play an important role in influencing the use of science by policymakers. However, a paucity of research exists surrounding the role of these individuals. This research explores the role of champions in enabling science uptake into policy in the Australian coastal zone, investigating champion characteristics and strategies used in influencing policymakers. A mixed-methods approach to the research was employed, integrating a paper/online survey of people involved in Australian coastal management and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with champions nominated by their peers from the survey. Fourteen key coastal champion characteristics were identified from the survey. Furthermore, the champion interviews identified strategies for influencing science use by policymakers. From these findings a conceptual model was created. In order to enable coastal champions to be fostered, a six-step process was developed that incorporates the use of the conceptual model.