Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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非均匀收敛随机介质模型对浅埋隧道施工引起地表沉降预测研究

针对软弱土层中的浅埋大跨隧道在施工过程中出现的初支变形、断面底部隆起等现象,通过对原有的断面收敛模式进行修正,提出考虑初支变形与断面底部收敛的统一收敛模式,并以单洞及双洞椭圆隧道为例,推导出该种收敛模式下隧道施工中产生地表沉降的随机介质法预测公式,应用遗传-蚁群混合算法(GA-ACA)解决该预测模型的参数反演计算问题。为验证该模型对浅埋隧道地表变形预测的准确性,以乌鲁木齐地铁1号线三—新区间某典型断面为例,分别使用均匀收敛、底部为0、底部非0以及统一收敛模式等4种收敛模式进行参数反演,并将反演结果与现场监测结果做对比,研究结果表明:统一收敛模式与隧道断面实际变形规律更加吻合,其预测精度要比不考虑初支变形与断面底部收敛时的预测精度更高,即对浅埋、超浅埋隧道而言,初支变形以及底部隆起等现象对地表变形预测结果产生的影响不可忽略。     

泡沫沥青稳定冷再生下面层在油路维修中的应用

结合沟北公路实施泡沫沥青稳定冷再生下面层施工技术的全过程,介绍了泡沫沥青稳定冷再生技术的施工工艺、试验检测、质量控制及其可行性。     

ZD6电动转辙机底壳振动试验后的改进

本文对ZD6电动转辙机在振动试验中出现的底壳多处断裂进行了分析和研究,并提出了改进措施。     

Bottom effects on the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine

In this paper the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine have been rigorously calculated by using a nonlinear simulation method taking into account the bottom effects. It has been found that nonlinearly simulated realistic waves with bottom effects should be used as inputs in the stochastic time domain simulation in order to design an un-conservative support structure for the offshore wind turbine. In order to further improve the simulation efficiency, a transformed linear simulation method has been utilized in this paper for generating equivalent waves as those obtained from the nonlinear simulation method. The accuracy and efficiency of the transformed linear simulation method have been convincingly substantiated through the subsequent calculation examples in this article.     

区块链可异构IoT层研究与船用实例

依据对区块链系统的分析和物联网IoT设备应用业务的需求探讨，提出将区块链技术向基于IoT的数据链路层延伸，具体包括IoT设备接入可信验证、IoT设备数据传输可信验证和IoT设备可异构。结合一种基于船舶物联网系统的区块链导入应用实例，探讨了具体的IoT可信验证设计、IoT设备接入可信验证设计、ECDSA区块链加密算法设计、IoT设备硬件及软件设计和IoT设备可异构设计。该设计的原型，经过了某集装箱船舶的实船验证。     

预应力混凝土连续刚构桥合龙段底板崩裂原因分析

对某主跨为160m的预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的合龙段底板崩裂情况进行了调查,运用BSAS、ANSYS等有限元软件进行了仿真建模。计算分析结果和现场施工情况表明,局部应力过大是预应力混凝土连续刚构桥在施工过程中出现合龙段底板崩裂的主要原因。最后给出了此桥底板修复的若干建议。     

Some analytical results for the initial phase of bottom slamming

The deformation of boat hull bottom panels during the initial phase of slamming is studied analytically using a linear elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam as a representation of the cross section of a bottom panel. The slamming pressure is modeled as a high-intensity peak followed by a lower constant pressure, traveling at constant speed along the beam. The problem is solved using a Fourier sine integral transformation in space and a Laplace–Carson integral transformation in time. Deflection and bending moment as functions of time and position for different speeds, bending stiffnesses, etc. are given. In particular the effect of slamming load traveling speed on structural response of the simplified bottom structure is investigated. It is found that rather large deflections and bending moments are encountered at certain speeds of the pressure, which suggests that bottom panels may benefit from tailoring their stiffness and mass properties such that loads are reduced. This would vary with boat particulars and operation (deadrise angle, mass, speed, sea state, etc). The importance of the high-intensity pressure peak often encountered during slamming is also studied. It is seen that for relatively slow moving slamming loads the pressure peak has little influence. However, for faster moving loads its influence can be significant.     

经过海峡的双层流体由底部波动产生的斜向波散射问题研究(英文)

The problem of oblique wave(internal wave) propagation over a small deformation in a channel flow consisting of two layers was considered.The upper fluid was assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid,which is an approximation for the free surface,and the lower one was bounded below by an impermeable bottom surface having a small deformation;the channel was unbounded in the horizontal directions.Assuming irrotational motion,the perturbation technique was employed to calculate the first-order corrections of the velocity potential in the two fluids by using Green’s integral theorem suitably with the introduction of appropriate Green’s functions.Those functions help in calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation.Three-dimensional linear water wave theory was utilized for formulating the relevant boundary value problem.Two special examples of bottom deformation were considered to validate the results.Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples(having the same wave number) shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the x-component of the wave number to the ripple wave number.When this ratio approaches one,the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the interface,and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples.High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.Similar results were observed for a patch of sinusoidal ripples having different wave numbers.It was also observed that for small angles of incidence,the reflected energy is greater compared to other angles of incidence up to.These theoretical observations are supported by graphical results.