基于波面随机性的船舶底部砰击压力计算方法研究

基于海浪波面的随机特性,研究船舶底部砰击压力的计算方法.分析纵向入水角对船底砰击压力量值的影响程度,建立二者之间的定量关系.在预报船舶砰击压力时引入随机海浪的波面条件,计及船舶运动和海浪波面倾角因素对砰击压力的影响.采用蒙特卡罗数值模拟法对砰击压力的统计规律进行研究,结果表明:计及纵向入水角的船底砰击压力计算方法.更加...     

Generation of cyclonic eddies in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea following dense water inflows: numerical experiments

A sigma (σ)-coordinate ocean model by Blumberg and Mellor (POM) is applied to study the formation processes of mesoscale cyclones observed in the Eastern Gotland Basin following the dense water inflows. The initial conditions simulate a situation when the Arkona and Bornholm basins and partially the Slupsk Furrow are already filled with the inflow water of the North Sea origin, while the Eastern Gotland and Gdansk basins still contain the old water of pre-inflow stratification. Model runs with constant and time-dependent winds, changing the buoyancy forcing, grid geometry and bottom topography display the following. Entering the Eastern Gotland Basin from the Slupsk Furrow, the bottom intrusion of saline inflow water splits in two: one goes northeast towards the Gotland Deep, and second moves southeast towards the Gulf of Gdansk. An intensive mesoscale cyclonic eddy carrying the inflow water is generated just east of the Slupsk Furrow with the inflow pulse. A number of smaller cyclones with boluses of the inflow water are formed in the permanent halocline along the saline intrusion pathway to the Gotland Deep. Following Spall and Price [J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28 (1998) 1598], the cyclones are suggested to form by the adjustment of the high potential vorticity inflow water column to a low potential vorticity environment.     

On the dense water spreading off the Ross Sea shelf (Southern Ocean)

In this study, current meter and hydrological data obtained during the X Italian Expedition in the Ross Sea (CLIMA Project) are analyzed. Our data show a nice agreement with previous data referring to the water masses present in this area and their dynamics. Here, they are used to further analyze the mixing and deepening processes of Deep Ice Shelf Water (DISW) over the northern shelf break of the Ross Sea. In more detail, our work is focused on the elementary mechanisms that are the most efficient in removing dense water from the shelf: either classical mixing effects or density currents that interact with some topographic irregularity in order to drop to deeper levels, or also the variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) which, in its meandering, can push the dense water off the shelf, thus interrupting its geostrophic flow. We also discuss in detail the (partial) evidence of dramatic interactions of the dense water with bottom particulate, of geological or biological origin, thus generating impulsive or quasi-steady density-turbidity currents. This complex interaction allows one to consider bottom particular and dense water as a unique self-interacting system. In synthesis, this is a first tentative analysis of the effect of bottom particulate on the dense water dynamics in the Ross Sea.     

三维回转体入水砰击载荷预报

采用数值仿真的方法研究了三维刚性回转体的入水问题,分析了不同回转角度的回转体的砰击压力峰值的变化规律,并研究了以一定初速度入水时,结构质量对砰击压力的影响。计算结果表明,恒速下降时,砰击压力峰值随角度的增加而下降;初速下降时,随着结构质量增加,砰击压力峰值先急剧增加,然后区域平稳。最后提出了不同回转角度、不同质量系数的回转体在初速下降与恒速下降时砰击压力峰值的预报公式。     

基于CFD技术的砰击载荷强度直接计算

研究基于CFD技术的船舶砰击载荷预报及强度的直接计算,以通过对船波相对运动的短期预报得到入水速度极值,由积分变换得到入水速度的时历曲线,以CFD软件实现船体典型剖面入水砰击载荷的计算,得到船体剖面压力的空间分布,结果表明,船体剖面的压力随着位置高度的增加呈减小趋势,最后通过对某集装箱船进行有限元强度评估,验证了本文砰击强度直接计算方法的合理性和实用性。     

Hydroelastic slamming

An overview of the many water-impact (slamming) problems in ship and ocean engineering is given. Theoretical and experimental drop tests of horizontal and nearly horizontal elastic plates are reviewed. It is shown that maximum pressure cannot be used to estimate maximum slamming-induced stresses when maximum pressure is large, because dynamic hydroelastic effects then become important. Further, the significance of hydroelasticity increases with decreasing dead-rise angle, increasing impact velocity, and increasing the value of the highest local natural period of the structure. It is emphasized that the slamming problem must be hydrodynamically studied from a structural point of view. Comparisons between theory and full-scale measurements of slamming-induced local strains in the wet-deck of a catamaran are presented. The importance of the rigid body vertical accelerations and the influence of the side-hulls on the impact velocity are pointed out. Received: October 4, 2000     

砰击载荷作用下船底肋骨等效设计压力的确定

通过一个船体二维分段的自由落体试验,测量模型入水速度、砰击压力和结构响应,获得模型底部板架在砰击载荷作用下的响应特征;对结构模型在均布静压力作用下的应力响应进行有限元分析;比较试验和计算得到的应力响应,获得作用在模型肋骨上的砰击压力的折减系数,从而使该结构在设计时仍可按常规的静力计算方法进行强度校核。该折减系数与船体入水速度成线性关系,在已知船体设计入水速度和试验压力分布时,可以获得船体设计均布静压力。     

初始因素对高速物体砰击水面后动特性的影响

文章基于ALE理论,建立了高速物体砰击水面的三维有限元模型,通过数值计算,分析研究了物体质量、水平初速度、竖直方向初速度、水深和水面宽度分别对高速物体砰击水面后弹起高度和水平方向位移的影响.研究结果对工程中诸如民航飞机水上迫降、水上飞机水上降落等的初始参数优化具有重要的参考价值.     

船体梁采样频率和滤波频率确定方法

船舶在恶劣海况中航行时,船中部的实测应力含有静应力、波浪诱导应力与高频砰击应力等多种成分,应力监测系统中采样频率和滤波频率的选择好坏直接影响后续的数据分析,进一步影响相关人员对船体健康状态的判断.通过对不同应力成分的频率特征分析,分别提出适合实船运用的采样频率、滤波频率确定方法,并通过模型试验验证方法的准确性.     

2种原油预脱水工艺方案分析与比较

为了使含水原油达到管道外输的要求,要对其进行脱水处理。而在含水原油进入油水分离装置之前,通常要经过预脱水过程。采用破乳剂工艺方案与回掺底水预脱水工艺方案,对辽河油田高一联原油进行预脱水实验。实验结果表明：原油中加入破乳剂的预脱水率不到20％,而回掺底水预脱水实验的预脱水率高达65％以上,最后确定回掺底水预脱水工艺方案为最佳方案。