铁路钢管混凝土系杆拱桥动力特性及地震响应分析

以某铁路钢管混凝土系杆拱桥为研究对象,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了其空间杆系有限元 模型,其中拱肋与系梁采用空间梁单元模拟,吊杆采用空间杆单元模拟,对其动力特性进行了分析;在此基础上运用时程分析方法分别计算了该桥在竖向和纵向地震力组合以及竖向和横向地震力组合两种工况下的地震响应,得到了主拱控制截面在两种荷载工况下的最大内力和最大位移响应,对其抗震性能进行了分析评价.结果表明：该铁路系杆拱桥动力特性总体体现为刚性拱桥的动力特征,横桥向刚度相对较弱,竖向地震力作用下的响应较大,应引起设计注意.研究可为同类型的铁路刚性拱桥抗震设计提供理论依据.     

Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress

An analytical formula for estimating elastic local buckling strength of a continuous stiffened plate subjected to biaxial thrust is derived considering the influence of plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stresses. Through a comparison of calculated results with those by FEM eigenvalue analysis, high accuracy of the proposed formula is demonstrated. A series of buckling strength analyses is performed on the deck and bottom plating of actual ships. It has been found that:

Full-size image

双层板架的屈曲分析

将大型船舶的双层板架模型化为正交异性极,考虑横向剪切变形和材料非弹性的影响,提出了一种在弹性角约束边界条件下求解双层板架临界应力的方法。利用该方法,对几种特定边界条件下一系列的矩形权进行了屈曲计算,其结果与已有文献的解答相比吻合较好。     

双曲面球型减隔震支座曲线连续梁桥的减隔震

针对某3跨门式桥墩轨道交通曲线连续梁桥,采用其桥址<地震安全性评价报告>提供的3条地震动时程曲线,应用SAP2000有限元软件,分析未隔震和双曲面球型减隔震支座隔震条件下的罕遇地震响应,进行双曲面球型减隔震支座曲线连续梁桥的减隔震研究.研究结果表明,曲线连续梁桥各桥墩的内力响应受响应内力方向与地震动输入方向火角的影响;仅固定墩切向隔震时,固定墩的切向内力大幅减少,弯矩和剪力分别减小约70%和50%,但各墩的径向内力均有增加,最大增幅约达10%,不能满足桥梁的抗震要求;固定墩切向和径向双向、滑动墩径向隔震时,固定墩的切向和径向内力均大幅减少,弯矩和剪力分别降低约73%和49%,同时各滑动墩的径向内力也大幅降低40%～60%,减震效果明显.     

中庭式地铁车站地震响应振动台试验

中庭式地铁车站因用大量横梁取代楼板来形成中庭大开口（顶层和中层楼板的开口率均超过50%）,且站厅层无柱,站台层采用宽高比达7.5的薄壁柱,车站结构抵抗横向变形比如地震作用的能力,成为值得担忧的一个问题。为此,针对埋置于人工模型土中的中庭式地铁车站模型,进行了一系列1g振动台试验,探究中庭式地铁车站结构的地震响应特征,以及地震动强度对土和车站动力响应的影响规律。试验结果表明：地震作用下,站厅层横梁两端的峰值动拉应变最大,站厅层横梁两端为抗震最薄弱环节;中庭式车站侧墙与邻近土体的加速度响应差异在不同埋深处表现不同;地震动强度对车站结构和场地的地震响应均影响显著;随地震动强度增加,场地的卓越频率变得越不显著,其加速度傅里叶谱的主要幅值段趋向坐落于更宽的频带内;随地震动强度增加,顶板埋深处土和侧墙加速度放大系数差异逐渐递减;随地震动强度增加,侧墙上峰值动土正应力分布形状可能发生变化,且沿车站左、右侧墙的峰值动土正应力呈非对称分布;水平横向地震动输入下,中庭式车站存在摇摆运动,且车站顶板的竖向加速度随水平输入地震动强度的增加而增大。试验结论有助于更好地认识中庭式地下结构的地震响应规律,为类似结构的抗震设计提供参考。     

拱肋内倾角对钢管混凝土提篮拱桥车桥动力响应的影响

为考虑拱肋内倾角对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的动力特性及车辆走形性的影响,以某主跨为240 m的钢管混凝土提篮拱桥为例,运用结构动力学以及有限元原理,分别建立了3种不同内倾角度(7.5°,8.5°,9.5°)下的桥梁动力分析模型和车辆模型,由动力学势能不变值原理"与形成矩阵的"对号入座"法则建立空间振动方程,并对3种情况下的车桥耦合空间响应进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:桥梁横向自振频率随拱肋内倾角的增加而明显增大;竖向自振振动频率随内倾角度的增大而减小;列车通过桥梁时,不同内倾角度下拱顶竖向位移和加速度的变化很小,而横向位移、横向加速度均随着内倾角度的增大而减小;车辆的动力响应对内倾角的变化不敏感。     

Dynamic Responses of Long-Span Transmission Tower-Line System Subjected to Broken Wires

A macroscopic finite element modeling approach was proposed to calculate the vibration of a tower-line system subjected to broken wires with software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In the finite element model, not only the nonlinearity of wires and suspension insulators are considered, but also the support towers are included. The incremental and iterative approaches are combined by applying the unbalanced loads incrementally during each iteration cycle. The approach was illustrated with an example of a Hanjiang-River long-span transmission line system subjected to a shield wire and a conductor failure, respectively. The analysis results showed that the proposed dynamic simulation approach can demonstrate the kinetic process of the tower-line system subjected to wire ruptures: The frequencies of line components were lower and densely distributed, but the frequencies of tower components were higher and sparsely distributed. Anyhow, the dynamic effects of wire ruptures on tower-line system could not be ignored in analysis of tower-line system subjected wire failures.     

一型小水线面双体船的水动力性能与结构设计

简要介绍了中国船舶重工集团公司(CSIS)建立和发展的一种小水线面双体船(SWATH)优化设计工程技术系统.主要包括SWATH船型的概念设计、主尺度与线型优化、有效功率预报、纵向运动稳定性校验及稳定鳍设计、耐波性预报、结构载荷评估、波浪中的船体结构动、静响应分析等有关设计、预报与评估的系统方法.并以一型1500吨级小水线面双体型海洋调查船设计和评估为例对有关设计方法进行了说明和验证,在该船设计中,采用线性和非线性三维水弹性理论来预报载荷与评估在波浪中航行船体的结构安全性,同时在中国船舶科学研究中心(CSSRC)的拖曳水池与耐波性水池中进行了阻力与自航、耐波性与操纵性、波浪载荷等船模拖曳及自航试验.文中还给出了该船有关优化设计及模型试验结果.     

损伤状态下悬索桥静动态响应的模型试验研究

面向健康诊断,设计制作了悬索桥结构整体试验模型.利用该模型,对悬索桥进行了加劲梁、主缆、吊索等基本构件的损伤状态模型试验研究.分析了损伤状态下,加劲梁挠度与应变、主缆应变、吊索应变、固有频率的变化规律.悬索桥结构各种响应对加劲梁损伤的敏感性很低,对加劲梁损伤位置的相关性也不明显.主缆损伤引起的悬索桥结构静动态响应变化最为明显,并且响应的变化对损伤位置和损伤程度都呈现良好的相关性.吊索损伤导致的悬索桥结构响应变化对损伤位置和损伤程度亦呈现良好的相关性.但导致的加劲梁挠度和应变变化幅度很小.     

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic responses of floating bridge under the shielding effect of a floating platform

A floating bridge and a floating platform can serve as a transport channel between land and sea. They will interact with each other in the wave environment. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of a floating bridge under irregular waves and regular waves are studied by means of model tests and numerical calculations. The results of model test and numerical calculation based on potential flow theory are basically consistent and can be mutually verified. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic response results of the floating bridge under the condition of “with floating platform” and “without floating platform”, some conclusions are drawn. The floating platform will have a shielding effect on waves coming from the sea. Due to the shielding effect of the floating platform, the motions in heave, surge and pitch of the floating bridge are evidently diminished. Among them, the motion response of the pontoon near the floating platform decreases most obviously. The floating platform provides a relatively stable marine environment for the floating bridge, thereby improving the survival state of the floating bridge.