铅芯橡胶支座隔震铁路简支梁桥双向地震响应分析

采用铅芯橡胶支座,选取具有不同固有周期的4座铁路简支梁桥桥墩,建立空间有限元模型。以7组典型地震波作为激励,进行铅芯橡胶支座隔震铁路简支梁桥的双向地震响应分析。采用时程分析法计算考虑和不考虑铅芯橡胶支座恢复力耦合作用的隔震桥墩系统的地震响应。分析结果表明:双向地震动作用下考虑耦合作用的铅芯橡胶支座的位移—恢复力曲线与单向地震作用下不考虑双向恢复力的耦合作用时的位移—恢复力曲线在形状上存在较大差别,铅芯橡胶支座的滞回耗能也不相同;不同地震激励下铅芯橡胶支座恢复力的耦合作用对铅芯橡胶支座峰值位移的影响程度不同;随着桥墩一阶固有周期的增加,铅芯橡胶支座恢复力的耦合作用对一阶振型方向的支座峰值位移的影响程度逐渐增大;梁体的峰值地震响应的规范计算值大都高于实际值,故按照规范值进行铁路简支梁桥的隔震设计偏于安全。     

基于动态模量的沥青路面力学响应分析

实测了某柔性基层沥青路面试验段各层沥青混合料在不同温度和荷载作用频率下的动态模量,利用时间-温度转化原理得到了各自的动态模量主曲线和时间-温度转化因子,并结合路面结构内的实测温度和较成熟的荷载频率预测方法,分析了路面结构内温度和荷载频率的变化对沥青混凝土力学参数的影响。在此基础上进行了基于动态模量的沥青路面力学响应分析,并将分析结果与采用我国规范中的抗压回弹模量得到的结果进行了比较分析。采用动态模量的方法可以考虑路面结构内温度和荷载频率对路面力学响应的影响,从而使分析结果更加科学合理。     

参数变化对PRC弯梁桥动力性能影响仿真分析

为分析参数变化对PRC弯梁桥动力性能的影响,推导了考虑预应力效应的弯梁桥单元刚度矩阵,并建立了考虑预应力效应的PRC连续箱形弯梁桥模型。采用数值仿真方法,研究了预应力、曲率半径、弯扭刚度比、约束情况、截面翘曲及车速等对PRC箱形弯梁桥自振特性的影响,研究了预应力和曲率半径对PRC箱形弯梁桥动力响应的影响。结果表明：各种参数的变化对PRC弯梁桥的动力性能均有影响,且具有一定的规律性,给出了各设计参数的合理取值范围,对PRC弯梁桥的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Buckling strength assessment of corrugated panels in offshore structures

There is an increasing trend of living quarters in offshore structures being constructed using corrugated panels in order to save construction time and cost. Different from corrugated bulkheads in ship structures, the corrugated panels used in the living quarters are designed in triangular or trapezoidal profile with unequal flanges and with a corrugation angle between 45° and 90°. Industry needs have prompted the American Bureau of Shipping to develop design recommendations for the buckling strength assessment of these corrugated panels. This paper describes the main features and the principles of the recommendations based on ABS experience, along with the technical background. The modeling uncertainty associated with the recommended criteria has been established by comparing the predictions with laboratory tests and finite element analysis results. Two design examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the recommendations.     

舰船主体结构流体冲击响应主动控制方法和分析

本文以探索性的方式提出了一种有效降低高速舰船主体结构流体冲击瞬态响应的主动最优控制方法,讨论了最优控制原理、观测器和作动器的设计,建立了一套舰船主体结构流体冲击瞬态响应控制仿真系统。通过对一艘实船的仿真分析给出了一些有理论和实际意义的结论。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

海上吊物六自由度系统动力学特性分析

以海上吊物系统为研究对象,考虑长方体吊物模型六自由度的运动和风载荷,建立广义坐标的第二类拉格朗日方程,并利用高阶的龙格-库塔方法求解该方程。根据牛顿第二定律,推导出吊绳动张力计算公式,对不同吊绳长度、不同起吊速度、不同激励频率时的吊绳摆角、吊物转动角度和动张力进行分析。结果表明,吊绳长度,起吊速度和激励频率的变化均对吊物的摆角和吊绳动张力产生很大影响,吊物的升降对吊绳摆动、吊物转动和吊绳中的动张力有抑制作用,且起升速度越大,对吊物系统的抑制效果越明显,可以通过控制起吊速度和时间来减小吊重的摆动。当激励频率接近于吊物系统特征频率时,会出现共振现象,因此起吊作业中需要选择合适的吊索长度以避开共振区。     

Axisymmetric structural behaviours of composite tensile armoured flexible pipes

To address the weight and corrosion challenge in deep-water, replacing the steel tensile armour in flexible pipes with composite materials is an alternative conceptual approach. An axisymmetric structural responses model is built for this novel composite armoured flexible pipe, with interlayer gaps that may occur in the unbonded structure considered through an iterative algorithm. The tensile strength of steel and composite armoured pipes are predicted based on different constitutive relations of steel and composite. Essential quantities are obtained, such as tensile stiffness, deformations of each layer and interlayer gaps or contact pressures. Considering the helix form of carcass and pressure armour, a finite element model is established for the verification of the theoretical model. Case study shows that the tensile stiffness of flexible pipe is overestimated with the interlayer gap ignored. Compared with steel armoured flexible pipe, the composite armoured pipe, whose tensile stiffness decreases less as external pressure increases, meanwhile has higher values of tensile ultimate strength and torsion stiffness. Some suggestions about fiber types and volume fraction for composite tensile strips are given to ensure good performance of axial tensile strength and stiffness.     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

箱式超大型浮体水弹性分析的弹性地基梁法

如何快速而精确地估计箱式超大型浮体在波浪中的水弹性响应是设计中需要解决的一个重要问题。在所提出的各种简化分析方法中，弹性地基梁模型是最简单的。本文选择了四种弹性地基梁模型进行比较研究。它们分别称为S_Y_BOEF,T_BOEF,S_BOEF和A_BOEF模型。通过研究发现，由Suzuki和Yoshida提出的S_Y_BOEF模型显得太保守而不适合于实际应用，而其它三种模型是能够合理地估计箱式超大型浮体的水弹性响应的。相比而言，由S_BOEF模型延伸出的A_BOEF模型从概念上的一致性和精度方面都是最好的。弹性地基梁模型的最大优点是简单，可以很方便地在工程设计中应用。