Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

浅析油品运输中"转换装油"引起的安全问题

从一起油轮爆炸事故，分析了事故的起因主要是由于“转换装油”引发的。后经随机调查发现，现阶段油轮“转换装油”现象非常突出。针对此现象，客观分析了油轮“转换装油”危害性及引发事故的原因，并提出了有效的防范措施，呼吁广大从业人员一定要加强防范意识。     

就DM—55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统谈科技成果评审的价值取向

本文以1990年5月通过鉴定的“DM-55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统”成果为依据,就其产品的命名,工艺设备本身的安全性,可靠性、先进性等阐述了作者的观点,并对该成果的推广使用提出了几点建设性意见,最终提出了对科技成果,即新产品、新工艺、新设备的评价,要做到多种价值取向,多方位、多层次考虑,才可能利于其推广发展的新见解。     

意大利玛连尼沥青拌和设备雾化燃烧器的正确使用和调整

简述了雾化燃烧器的工作原理及对不同燃料油的使用要求，并详述了系统启动运转前的检查调整要点和燃烧器的点火程序及故障检查和部件维修。     

Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system. A sensitivity study

The CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system is presented in this paper, and an evaluation of the impact of errors in the forcing fields over its forecasts is carried out. The system is formed by several independent modules which provide forecasts of winds, currents and waves to an oil spill module which predicts the evolution of the spill.The typical twin-experiments experience is used paying special attention to a realistic characterization of the errors when perturbing the forcing fields. The results suggest that errors in the wind and current fields are the main limiting factor for the quality of the oil spill forecasts. The pollutant identification is also crucial to determine the final vertical position and characteristics of the product.     

LZOD 15 mg/L舱底水报警装置及防蓄意操控对策

LZOD15mg／L舱底水报警装置，（简称：报警装置）按国际海上环境保护委员会MEPC．107（49）决议，对《修订的船舶处所舱底水防污染设备指南和技术条件》（简称“指南”）中规定的《15mg／L舱底水报警装置型式认可试验和性能条件》和《防污染设备型式认可环境试验技术条件》进行了系统的试验。对其试验条件、项目、方法和结果作一探讨和介绍。并对至今的舱底水报警装置，存在着人为蓄意操控的现状，提出满足“指南”所要求的能防备蓄意操控的对策。     

油船舱内液面高度测量雷达系统

本文介绍一种微波雷达舱内液位高度测量系统，该系统推广了一般调频连续波雷达的测距原理，利用ＦＦＴ技术从雷达回波信号的频率和相位中提取距离信息，并采用高速信号处理芯片ＤＳＰ实现雷达信号的实时处理，实验结果表明该系统的距离测量精度可以达到１ｍｍ。     

海事劳工公约(2006)与海事管理

海事劳工公约（2006）的通过对世界航运业将产生深远的影响。文章通过对该公约的特点及结构、内容等方面较系统的介绍．指出海事管理机构应积极行动来迎接即将生效的新公约。     

基于 MLC 2006履约完善我国船员社会保险制度

文中介绍了《2006年海事劳工公约》关于船员的社会保障条款,并分析了我国船员社会保险缴纳的现状,提出了通过加强船员劳动合同的监管,加大船员劳动保障现场监管力度等办法,进一步完善我国船员社会保险制度。     

基于提高后碰性能的车身结构优化

为提高乘用车后碰发生时乘客的安全性以及避免燃油泄露,对某款车后纵梁采用分段式设计、合理布置吸能筋及增加后纵梁加强板等优化车身结构设计的方法,使后排R点侵入量由优化前的125mm低为44mm,最大加速度值由24g降低为18g,加速度峰值时间较优化前延迟5ms,同时同一位置处最大截面力由80kN减小为58kN,后碰性能明显提升,通过CAE仿真分析及实车验证,该设计方法符合法规要求,为处理类似车身结构设计问题提供了参考。