钢轨打磨技术研究进展

介绍了有关钢轨打磨的理论、技术和应用成果,论述了钢轨打磨技术与轮轨接触疲劳、磨耗、噪声、润滑之间的关系和相互作用模型.基于现有的国外钢轨维修成本的经济学模型,提出了加入打磨设备折旧费用的钢轨维修成本综合经济学模型.建议未来的研究重点:开展基于现场实践的快速电脑程序优化的打磨钢轨型面研究;开展能够综合考虑车辆轨道耦合动力学和经济学指标钢轨打磨方案的优化研究;开展不同工况的打磨参数和打磨工艺研究.     

不同无机质对球磨脱氯的影响及中间产物的研究

基于提高脱氯效率的目的,向研磨反应中分别掺杂九种不同的无机质,并对脱氯结果进行比较,结果表明,在过量氧化钙的环境中,二氧化硅的加入有利于脱氯反应的进行,并能大大提高脱氯率,远高于其他八种物质;另外,金属碱性的强弱是影响脱氯效果的一个重要因素;水分的加入不利于脱氯反应的进行.对于研磨后样品随研磨时间的变化,本实验也通过XRD,TG,DTG和FTIR等手段进行了表征,观察发现在5 h之后,脱氯率没有明显变化,但大分子有机质仍然会进行反应,生成小分子有机物质.     

Some Key Technologies of a New-type CNC Curve Grinding Machine

This paper presented a new-type CNC curve grinding machine, in order to conquer the disadvantages of conventional NC curve grinding machine and improve surface quality, dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency. The new-type grinder adopts some high and new technologies: ① the normal tracing device could make grinding wheel coincide with the normal direction of the machining points in work piece, and improve surface quality and dimensional accuracy; ② the digital image on-line recognition system could monitor machining process and compensate wheel wear in real time; ③ linear motor drive mechanism could realize the exact adjustment of the grinding head digitally and increase the machining efficiency. The math models of normal tracing and circular tolerance zone were presented. The experimental results show that the new-type CNC curve grinding machine equipped with the three devices mentioned above is easy to realize the precision grinding of any complex curve, and improve surface quality, dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency.     

小直径深孔珩磨头的研制

小直径深孔精加工,在生产过程中的加工精度难以控制,采用小直径的深孔珩磨头进行深孔的珩磨,能够保证深孔的尺寸精度与表面粗糙度要求,加工质量有明显提高。     

颗粒群特征对水泥性能的影响及改善途径研究

水泥颗粒状态与水泥及混凝土的许多主要性能都有较大关系.改善水泥颗粒群特征是水泥行业必须重视的课题.主要技术措施可采取改进水泥粉磨工艺、提高选粉机的选粉效率、采用助磨剂及应用椭圆球研磨体等,能明显改善水泥物理性能,提高水泥强度.     

船体工件自由边智能打磨装备应用

为应对造船行业对工件打磨的新要求,基于三维生产设计模型导入与处理、作业路径规划与仿真、复杂环境感知与识别、自适应控制等关键共性技术研究,提出船体工件自由边智能打磨装备应用方案,提升船舶建造打磨工序生产效率和打磨质量.经造船企业实施表明,该方案具有较强的整体性和扩展性,可充分利用装备的智能化实现船体工件自由边打磨的自动化...     

曲线区钢轨双打磨廓形设计方法

为探究货运线路中曲线区段磨耗钢轨的打磨方法对钢轨的服役寿命及列车运行安全的直接影响,针对曲线区段钢轨打磨廓形设计方法开展研究。设计多段圆弧和半径等多参变量的平滑设计方法,构建钢轨廓形描述模型,结合车辆-轨道耦合动力学及轮轨接触分析,设计不同权重系数,建立缓和曲线及恒定半径曲线段的磨耗钢轨打磨廓形的多目标函数,采用优化算法求解并进行对比分析。研究结果表明：与传统单一打磨廓形相比,设计廓形对缓和曲线段和恒定半径曲线段,钢轨材料去除量分别降低了39.02%和20.47%;动力学性能显著提升。在缓和曲线段和恒定半径曲线段的交接处,轮对横移量最高降低了89.45%,过渡更加平缓。轮轨接触几何分布均匀,改善了车辆入弯前后的运行性能和曲线通过性能。轮轨接触斑面积增加,且随轮对横移量变化平缓,最大Mises应力和最大法向接触应力相对于优化前均有明显改善。采用双打磨廓形设计能够有效延长曲线区段钢轨使用寿命。     

用复合电镀法制造金刚石工磨具

本文简述了金刚石工磨具的特点及发展前景,研究了用复合电镀法制造金刚石工磨具的工艺过程和工夹具的设计:讨论了PH、阴极电流密度等电镀工艺参数的控制范围及制造中的注意事项。     

Carbody elastic vibrations of high-speed vehicles caused by bogie hunting instability

In particular locations of the high-speed track, the worn wheel profile matched up with the worn rail profile will lead to an extremely high-conicity wheel–rail contact. Consequently, the bogie hunting instability arises, which further results in the so-called carbody shaking phenomenon. In this paper, the carbody elastic vibrations of a high-speed vehicle in service are firstly introduced. Modal tests are conducted to identity the elastic modes of the carbody. The ride comfort and running safety indices for the tested vehicle are evaluated. The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for the high-speed passenger car is then developed by using the FE and MBS coupling approach. The rail profiles in those particular locations are measured and further integrated into the simulation model to reproduce the bogie hunting and carbody elastic vibrations. The effects of wheel and rail wear on the vehicle system response, e.g. wheelset bifurcation graph and carbody vibrations, are studied. Two improvement measures, including the wheel profile modification and rail grinding, are proposed to provide possible solutions. It is found that the wheel–rail contact conicity can be lowered by decreasing wheel flange thickness or grinding rail corner, which is expected to improve the bogie hunting stability under worn rail and worn wheel conditions. The carbody elastic vibrations caused by bogie hunting instability can be further restrained.     

转向架用SMA490BW钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响因素

对转向架用SMA490BW钢焊接试样,采用冲击电流为1.5A、冲击时间分别为5,10,15或20min的超声冲击、低温热处理、机械打磨(磨平焊缝余高、打磨焊趾)的处理方法,通过残余应力测试和超声疲劳试验,对比分析应力集中、晶粒细化、残余应力等因素单独作用时对焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响程度,并借助扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,分析焊接接头超声冲击前后的裂纹萌生位置变化及失效模式。结果表明:经超声冲击或机械打磨后,焊接试样的疲劳寿命均得到不同程度的提高;磨平焊缝余高对提高焊接接头疲劳寿命最为显著,较原始焊接试样其疲劳寿命可提高约86.4倍;改善应力集中、细化表层晶粒、引入残余压应力对延长焊接接头寿命的贡献比分别约为59%,28%和13%;焊态及冲击态试样的疲劳裂纹大多萌生于焊趾表面,部分冲击态试样的裂纹转而从表面的机械加工的缺陷处萌生,少数从材料内部缺陷处萌生并扩展至断裂失效。